{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T04:58:38Z","timestamp":1785473918501,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,11]],"date-time":"2023-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699660800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Phleboviruses are classified into two main groups: the sandfly fever group (transmitted by sandflies and mosquitoes) and the Uukuniemi group (transmitted by ticks). Old World sandfly-borne viruses (SBVs) are classified into four main serocomplexes; sandfly fever Naples viruses (SFNVs), sandfly fever Sicilian viruses (SFSVs), Karimabad viruses (KARVs), and Salehabad viruses (SALVs). This study addresses current knowledge gaps on SBVs in Iran by focusing on identification and molecular epidemiology. We used PCR to examine DNA\/RNA extracts to identify sandfly species and evaluate for SBV presence. We identified five specimens positive for phleboviruses: one Ph. sergenti for Tehran virus (TEHV), one Ph. papatasi for SFSV, and two Ph. papatasi and one Ph. perfiliewi for KARV. A phylogenetic tree indicated that the TEHV isolate from this study formed a cluster with previous isolates of TEHV, Zerdali virus, and Fermo virus. Meanwhile, the identified SFSV isolate fell in lineage I and was grouped with previous isolates of SFSVs and Dashli virus in Iran. Finally, the KARV isolates from this study formed a monophyletic clade in a sister relationship with other viruses in KARV lineages I and II. This comprehensive study on SBVs in Iran provided new insights into the molecular epidemiology of TEHV, SFSVs and KARVs in this country.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11112754","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T02:10:43Z","timestamp":1699841443000},"page":"2754","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Genetic Characterization of Sandfly-Borne Viruses in Phlebotomine Sandflies in Iran"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Nariman","family":"Shahhosseini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah-Jo","family":"Paquette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Hassan","family":"Kayedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad 6814993165, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Reza","family":"Abaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 141556446, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Mehdi","family":"Sedaghat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 141556446, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb-2019-0306","article-title":"Vector-borne diseases in Iran: Epidemiology and key challenges","volume":"16","author":"Parhizgari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Future Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2016.02.014","article-title":"Seroprevalence of sandfly fever virus infection in military personnel on the western border of Iran","volume":"10","author":"Shiraly","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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