{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T22:19:18Z","timestamp":1777069158283,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]],"date-time":"2023-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Our understanding of the relationship between oral Candida and systemic conditions has significantly increased recently, which this study aims to extend further by investigating the risks of oral candidiasis. A total of 314 patients were involved in this study and underwent an oral swab test at the Department of Oral Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, between January and December 2021. Data were collected on age, sex, white and red blood cell counts, Hb, total protein, vitamin B12, as well as serum albumin, iron, copper, and zinc levels. The clinical fungus samples were swabbed to identify those with Candida species using a MALDI Biotyper, then applied analysis of covariance and multivariant logistic regression analysis. It was possible to assess the oral swab test results without considering the difference between sex (p = 0.946). The oral swab test results were associated with aging (odds ratio: 1.03) and serum albumin levels (odds ratio: 0.32). In summary, the results of our study suggest a relationship between aging and oral candidiasis and offer in-depth insights into how to prevent or treat oral candidiasis onset.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11122887","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]],"date-time":"2023-11-29T09:00:18Z","timestamp":1701248418000},"page":"2887","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Exploratory Study of the Relationship between an Oral Fungal Swab Test and Patient Blood Test Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Tatsuki","family":"Itagaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Diagnosis and Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-13 Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan"},{"name":"Oral Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-13 Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3276-0154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ken-ichiro","family":"Sakata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Diagnosis and Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-13 Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Hasebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-13 Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshimasa","family":"Kitagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Diagnosis and Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-13 Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-019-01004-6","article-title":"Candidiasis: Red and white manifestations in the oral cavity","volume":"13","author":"Hellstein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Head Neck Pathol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02117-09","article-title":"Results from the artemis disk global antifungal surveillance study, 1997 to 2007: A 10.5-year analysis of susceptibilities of Candida species to fluconazole and voriconazole as determined by CLSI standardized disk diffusion","volume":"48","author":"Pfaller","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. 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BMC Oral Health, 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-017-0342-0"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2016.03.011","article-title":"Perception of iron deficiency from oral mucosa alterations that show a high prevalence of Candida infection","volume":"115","author":"Lu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Formos. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jds.2021.10.020","article-title":"Factor associated with oral candidiasis caused by co-infection of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata: A retrospective study","volume":"17","author":"Hato","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dent. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"121","article-title":"Reinvestigation of the carriage of Candida species in oral cavities of home independent elderly","volume":"33","author":"Kato","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hokkaido J. Dent. Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345990780040601","article-title":"Natural defenses against Candida colonization breakdown in the oral cavities of the elderly","volume":"78","author":"Lockhart","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1097\/00001432-200112000-00002","article-title":"The role of yeasts other than Candida albicans in oropharyngeal candidiasis","volume":"14","author":"Redding","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis."}],"container-title":["Microorganisms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/11\/12\/2887\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:33:44Z","timestamp":1760132024000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/11\/12\/2887"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["microorganisms11122887"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms11122887","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2607"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2607","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]]}}}