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Molecular mimicry (MM) has been identified in other viral diseases as potential triggers of autoimmune CNS events. This study investigated if MM is the process through which SARS-CoV-2 induces the breakdown of immune tolerance. The frequency of autoimmune CNS disorders was evaluated in a prospective cohort with patients admitted to the COVID-19 Intense Care Unity (ICU) in Rio de Janeiro. Then, an in silico analysis was performed to identify the conserved regions that share a high identity between SARS-CoV-2 antigens and human proteins. The sequences with significant identity and antigenic properties were then assessed for their binding capacity to HLA subtypes. Of the 112 patients included, 3 were classified as having an autoimmune disorder. A total of eleven combinations had significant linear and three-dimensional overlap. NMDAR1, MOG, and MPO were the self-antigens with more significant combinations, followed by GAD65. All sequences presented at least one epitope with strong or intermediate binding capacity to the HLA subtypes selected. This study underscores the possibility that CNS autoimmune attacks observed in COVID-19 patients, including those in our population, could be driven by MM in genetically predisposed individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11122902","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T04:12:56Z","timestamp":1701403976000},"page":"2902","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Molecular Mimicry between SARS-CoV-2 Proteins and Human Self-Antigens Related with Autoimmune Central Nervous System (CNS) Disorders"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1060-1419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa Gouvea","family":"Gutman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Neuroscience Laboratory (LabNet), Biomedical Institute, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20211-030, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Clinical Medicine Post-Graduation Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2505-039X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renan Amphilophio","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Neuroscience Laboratory (LabNet), Biomedical Institute, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20211-030, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9ssica Vasques","family":"Raposo-Vedovi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Neuroscience Laboratory (LabNet), Biomedical Institute, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20211-030, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9256-2582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreza Lemos","family":"Salvio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Neuroscience Laboratory (LabNet), Biomedical Institute, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20211-030, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larissa Araujo","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Neuroscience Laboratory (LabNet), Biomedical Institute, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20211-030, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Clinical Medicine Post-Graduation Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caio Faria","family":"Tardim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinicius Gabriel Coutinho","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Morphological Sciences Post-Graduation Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Val\u00e9ria Coelho Santa Rita","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo Roberto Valle","family":"Bahia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, RJ, 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