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However, the in vivo dynamics of S. pneumoniae infections and disease severity are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated pneumococcal proteins detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of an S. pneumoniae-infected mouse, which were assumed to be expressed during infection. Analysis of three proteins with unknown infection-related functions revealed that recombinant Fe-S cluster assembly ATP-binding protein (SufC) binds to the host plasminogen and promotes its conversion into plasmin. SufC was detected in the bacterial cell-surface protein fraction, but it had no extracellular secretory signal. This study suggests that S. pneumoniae releases SufC extracellularly through LytA-dependent autolysis, binding to the bacterial cell surface and host plasminogen and promoting its conversion into plasmin. The recruitment of plasmin by S. pneumoniae is considered useful for bacterial survival and spread, and SufC is suggested to facilitate this process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11122969","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]],"date-time":"2023-12-12T04:28:31Z","timestamp":1702355311000},"page":"2969","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Pneumococcal Protein SufC Binds to Host Plasminogen and Promotes Its Conversion into Plasmin"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yoshihito","family":"Yasui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan"},{"name":"Division of Periodontology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0965-8733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satoru","family":"Hirayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takumi","family":"Hiyoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan"},{"name":"Division of Periodontology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan"},{"name":"Center for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshihito","family":"Isono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2911-826X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hisanori","family":"Domon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan"},{"name":"Center for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4597-1316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomoki","family":"Maekawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan"},{"name":"Division of Periodontology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan"},{"name":"Center for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Tabeta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Periodontology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4450-5583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yutaka","family":"Terao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan"},{"name":"Center for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-023-00715-w","article-title":"Emerging vaccine strategies against the incessant pneumococcal disease","volume":"8","author":"Duke","year":"2023","journal-title":"NPJ Vaccines"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"a010215","article-title":"The pneumococcus: Epidemiology, microbiology, and pathogenesis","volume":"3","author":"Tuomanen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. 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