{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T20:13:55Z","timestamp":1783196035629,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]],"date-time":"2023-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["425351\/2018-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["425351\/2018-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to investigate the coinfection of feline retroviruses (feline immunodeficiency virus\u2014FIV, and the feline leukemia virus\u2014FeLV) with Leishmania infantum and Toxoplasma gondii and the factors associated with these pathogens in domestic cats from Mossor\u00f3, a city endemic for canine and human leishmaniasis situated in the semiarid region of Northeast Brazil. Blood samples from 120 cats were collected, and an epidemiological questionnaire was applied to investigate the risk factors associated with the infections. Retroviruses, L. infantum, and T. gondii infections were assessed using a point-of-care ELISA and quantitative PCR (qPCR), indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and qPCR, and IFAT, respectively. The overall seroprevalences observed were 35% (95% CI = 27.0\u201343.8%) for FIV, 0.8% (95% CI = 0.1\u20134.5%) for FeLV, 25.8% (95% CI = 18.8\u201334.3%) for T. gondii, and 4.2% (95% CI = 1.7\u20139.3%) for L. infantum. Coinfection with FIV and L. infantum was observed in 2.5% (3\/120) of the assessed cats, while 12.5% (15\/120) were coinfected with FIV and T. gondii. No significant association was found among the investigated agents (p &gt; 0.05). The factors associated with FIV infection in the multivariable analysis were male sex and age above 78 months. The findings of this study demonstrated a high rate of FIV infection in cats from the Brazilian semiarid region and the exposure of these animals to zoonotic and opportunistic agents. Due to the immunosuppressive potential of FIV, cats infected with this retrovirus should be screened for coinfections with L. infantum and T. gondii, and preventative measures should be adopted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12010071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]],"date-time":"2023-12-29T09:15:11Z","timestamp":1703841311000},"page":"71","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Coinfection with Leishmania infantum and Toxoplasma gondii in Domestic Cats from a Region with a High Prevalence of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6724-6716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Artur Brilhante","family":"Bezerra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Sa\u00fade e Tecnologia Rural, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG), Av. Universit\u00e1ria, s\/n, Santa Cec\u00edlia, Patos 58708-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Haisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Alameda das Tecomarias, s\/n, Ch\u00e1cara Cap\u00e3o Bonito, Botucatu 18607-440, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8052-7109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabrielle dos Santos","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Produ\u00e7\u00e3o Animal e Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rua Prof. Doutor Walter Mauricio Correa, s\/n, Rubi\u00e3o J\u00fanior, Botucatu 18618-681, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suellen Gon\u00e7alves","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Produ\u00e7\u00e3o Animal e Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rua Prof. Doutor Walter Mauricio Correa, s\/n, Rubi\u00e3o J\u00fanior, Botucatu 18618-681, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arthur Willian de Lima","family":"Brasil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal da Para\u00edba (UFPB), Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, s\/n, Campus I, Castelo Branco, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kl\u00edvio Loreno Raulino","family":"Tomaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Veterin\u00e1rio Jer\u00f4nimo Dix-Huit Rosado Maia, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-\u00c1rido (UFERSA), Av. Francisco Mota, 572, Costa e Silva, Mossoro 59625-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felipe","family":"Fornazari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Produ\u00e7\u00e3o Animal e Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rua Prof. Doutor Walter Mauricio Correa, s\/n, Rubi\u00e3o J\u00fanior, Botucatu 18618-681, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helio","family":"Langoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Produ\u00e7\u00e3o Animal e Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rua Prof. Doutor Walter Mauricio Correa, s\/n, Rubi\u00e3o J\u00fanior, Botucatu 18618-681, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Pessoa","family":"Ara\u00fajo Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Alameda das Tecomarias, s\/n, Ch\u00e1cara Cap\u00e3o Bonito, Botucatu 18607-440, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Marcelo Azevedo de Paula","family":"Antunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Veterin\u00e1rio Jer\u00f4nimo Dix-Huit Rosado Maia, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-\u00c1rido (UFERSA), Av. 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