{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T04:55:32Z","timestamp":1785128132676,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,2]],"date-time":"2024-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704153600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo State Research Support Foundation (FAPESP)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022\/07124-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022\/07124-6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Brazilian descendants of former Black-slave (quilombola) communities have been predisposed to several zoonotic diseases due to social vulnerability, characterized by subsistence and close contact with livestock and companion animals. Accordingly, the present study has assessed anti-Coxiella burnetii antibodies in 200 individuals and 20 dogs from four quilombola communities located in Paran\u00e1 State, southern Brazil. Serum samples were tested by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) using in-house and commercial diagnostic protocols, with analysis of seropositive titers and antibody type. Fisher\u2019s exact test was used to compare seropositivity to C. burnetti with binary variables, with variables with three or more possible responses submitted to logistic regression. In total, 44\/200 (22%; 95% CI 16.82\u201328.24) people tested positive, and 4.5% had titers higher than 128, indicating a recent onset of C. burnetii infection. Seropositive individuals were statistically associated with the Limit\u00e3o community (p = 0.0013), urban workers as occupations (p = 0.0475), consumption of undercooked meat (p = 0.0159), and contact with animal abortion (p = 0.0276). No seropositivity association was found for age, sex, education, habit of entering forest areas, consumption of game meat, consumption of raw milk, flea and tick bites, dog contact, or history of female miscarriage. Only one of 20 dogs was seropositive with a titer of 128, probably related to an acute animal infection. Despite the prevalence here being higher than previous Brazilian reports, including with symptomatic populations, the results were within range for worldwide outbreaks and occupational risk populations. To the reader\u2019s knowledge, this is the first human survey of Q fever in southern Brazil and should be considered a warning for C. burnetii in vulnerable populations, particularly Quilombola communities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12010092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,2]],"date-time":"2024-01-02T10:36:59Z","timestamp":1704191819000},"page":"92","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Serosurvey of Coxiella burnetii in Descendants of Former Black Slaves (Quilombola Communities) of Southern Brazil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1178-5643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danilo Alves","family":"de Fran\u00e7a","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animals Science, S\u00e3o Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-681, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise Bach","family":"Kmetiuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paran\u00e1 State, Curitiba 80035-050, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni Augusto Kalempa","family":"Panazzolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orlei Jos\u00e9","family":"Domingues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filipe Pereira","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Virology and Rickettsiosis, Octavio Magalhaes Institute, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, Belo Horizonte 30510-010, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leandro Meneguelli","family":"Biondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of the Atlantic Forest (INMA), Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Santa Teresa 29650-000, ES, Brazil"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Graduate Studies, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7886-1570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mateus","family":"de Souza Ribeiro Mioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0118-6164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e1bio Sossai","family":"Possebon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animals Science, S\u00e3o Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-681, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana \u00cdris","family":"de Lima Dur\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Virology and Rickettsiosis, Octavio Magalhaes Institute, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, Belo Horizonte 30510-010, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcos Vinicius Ferreira","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Virology and Rickettsiosis, Octavio Magalhaes Institute, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, Belo Horizonte 30510-010, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myrian Morato","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Virology and Rickettsiosis, Octavio Magalhaes Institute, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, Belo Horizonte 30510-010, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1946-3262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovani Marino","family":"F\u00e1vero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4182-5821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander Welker","family":"Biondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paran\u00e1 State, Curitiba 80035-050, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5127-0762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helio","family":"Langoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animals Science, S\u00e3o Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-681, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1355.018","article-title":"Coxiella burnetii infection","volume":"1063","author":"Kazar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. 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