{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T16:00:53Z","timestamp":1792166453608,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":137,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Spanish MINECO","award":["CGL2009-12180"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CGL2009-12180"]}]},{"name":"Spanish MINECO","award":["CGL2012-39604"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CGL2012-39604"]}]},{"name":"Spanish MINECO","award":["CSD2009-00006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSD2009-00006"]}]},{"name":"Consolider","award":["CGL2009-12180"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CGL2009-12180"]}]},{"name":"Consolider","award":["CGL2012-39604"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CGL2012-39604"]}]},{"name":"Consolider","award":["CSD2009-00006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSD2009-00006"]}]},{"name":"the Government of the Balearic Islands","award":["CGL2009-12180"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CGL2009-12180"]}]},{"name":"the Government of the Balearic Islands","award":["CGL2012-39604"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CGL2012-39604"]}]},{"name":"the Government of the Balearic Islands","award":["CSD2009-00006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSD2009-00006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The human pathogen Yersinia pestis is responsible for bubonic, septicemic, and pneumonic plague. A deeply comprehensive overview of its historical context, bacteriological characteristics, genomic analysis based on ancient DNA (aDNA) and modern strains, and its impact on historical and actual human populations, is explored. The results from multiple studies have been synthesized to investigate the origins of plague, its transmission, and effects on different populations. Additionally, molecular interactions of Y. pestis, from its evolutionary origins to its adaptation to flea-born transmission, and its impact on human and wild populations are considered. The characteristic combinations of aDNA patterns, which plays a decisive role in the reconstruction and analysis of ancient genomes, are reviewed. Bioinformatics is fundamental in identifying specific Y. pestis lineages, and automated pipelines are among the valuable tools in implementing such studies. Plague, which remains among human history\u2019s most lethal infectious diseases, but also other zoonotic diseases, requires the continuous investigation of plague topics. This can be achieved by improving molecular and genetic screening of animal populations, identifying ecological and social determinants of outbreaks, increasing interdisciplinary collaborations among scientists and public healthcare providers, and continued research into the characterization, diagnosis, and treatment of these diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12010146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T06:52:14Z","timestamp":1704955934000},"page":"146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The Natural and Clinical History of Plague: From the Ancient Pandemics to Modern Insights"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2221-3248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antoni","family":"Bennasar-Figueras","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiologia\u2014Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Campus UIB, Carretera de Valldemossa, Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain"},{"name":"Facultat de Medicina, Hospital Universitari Son Espases (HUSE), Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Carretera de Valldemossa, 79, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2401.AC2401","article-title":"Of Rats and Men: Poussin\u2019s Plague at Ashdod","volume":"24","author":"Asensi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Emerg. 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