{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T01:44:21Z","timestamp":1768700661481,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]],"date-time":"2024-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003825","name":"Hungarian Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POST-COVID2021-33"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POST-COVID2021-33"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003825","name":"Hungarian Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FK 135327"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FK 135327"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003825","name":"Hungarian Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BO\/00069\/21\/5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BO\/00069\/21\/5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Research, Development, and Innovation Office","award":["POST-COVID2021-33"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POST-COVID2021-33"]}]},{"name":"National Research, Development, and Innovation Office","award":["FK 135327"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FK 135327"]}]},{"name":"National Research, Development, and Innovation Office","award":["BO\/00069\/21\/5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BO\/00069\/21\/5"]}]},{"name":"J\u00e1nos Bolyai Research Scholarship from the Hungarian Academy of Sciences","award":["POST-COVID2021-33"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POST-COVID2021-33"]}]},{"name":"J\u00e1nos Bolyai Research Scholarship from the Hungarian Academy of Sciences","award":["FK 135327"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FK 135327"]}]},{"name":"J\u00e1nos Bolyai Research Scholarship from the Hungarian Academy of Sciences","award":["BO\/00069\/21\/5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BO\/00069\/21\/5"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Severe SARS-CoV-2 elicits a hyper-inflammatory response that results in intravascular inflammation with endothelial injury, which contributes to increased mortality in COVID-19. To predict the outcome of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, we analyzed the baseline level of different biomarkers of vascular disorders in COVID-19 subjects upon intensive care unit (ICU) admission and prior to any vaccination. A total of 70 severe COVID-19 patients (37 survivors and 33 non-survivors) were included with 16 age- and sex-matched controls. Vascular dysfunction was monitored via soluble VCAM-1, E-selectin, ACE2 and Lp-PLA2, while abnormal platelet activation was evaluated by soluble P-selectin and CD40L in parallel. These results were correlated with routine laboratory parameters and disease outcomes. Among these parameters, VCAM-1 and ACE2 showed significantly higher serum levels in COVID-19 patients with early death vs. convalescent subjects. VCAM-1 was significantly correlated with the Horowitz index (r = 0.3115) and IL-6 (r = 0.4599), while ACE2 was related to E-selectin (r = 0.4143) and CD40L (r = 0.2948). Lp-PLA2 was altered in none of these COVID-19 subcohorts and showed no relationship with the other parameters. Finally, the pre-treatment level of VCAM-1 (\u22651420 ng\/mL) and ACE2 activity (\u226545.2 \u03bcU\/mL) predicted a larger risk for mortality (Log-Rank p = 0.0031 and p = 0.0117, respectively). Vascular dysfunction with endothelial cell activation is linked to lethal COVID-19, and highly elevated soluble VCAM-1 and ACE2 at admission to ICU may predict unfavorable outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12010229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]],"date-time":"2024-01-22T05:42:31Z","timestamp":1705902151000},"page":"229","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Comparison of Different Vascular Biomarkers for Predicting In-Hospital Mortality in Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ren\u00e1ta","family":"S\u00fct\u0151","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"},{"name":"Doctoral School of Kalman Laki, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"},{"name":"Gyula Ken\u00e9zy Campus, Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6846-5742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marianna","family":"P\u00f3csi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3262-884X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikl\u00f3s","family":"Fagyas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edit","family":"Kalina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1387-2970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zsolt","family":"Fejes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zolt\u00e1n","family":"Szentkereszty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gyula Ken\u00e9zy Campus, Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00e1nos","family":"Kappelmayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5700-3267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B\u00e9la","family":"Nagy Jr.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-020-02616-5","article-title":"A narrative review of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Clinical, epidemiological characteristics, and systemic manifestations","volume":"16","author":"Krishnan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Intern. 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