{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T22:36:38Z","timestamp":1791498998537,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]],"date-time":"2024-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2023YFE0104800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFE0104800"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["32272613"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32272613"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["31972982"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31972982"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFE0104800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFE0104800"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32272613"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32272613"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31972982"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31972982"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The overuse of chemical fungicides against fungal pathogens adversely affects soil and plant health, resulting in environmental problems and food safety. Therefore, biocontrol is considered as an environmentally friendly and cost-effective green technique in environmental protection and agricultural production. We obtained a bacterial strain N23 from a contaminated plate which showed significant inhibition to anthracnose. The strain N23 was identified as Bacillus velezensis based on 16S rRNA gene, gyrA gene, and whole-genome sequence. The bacterium N23 was able to suppress the mycelial growth of numerous plant pathogenic fungi on solid media. Tomato seeds treated with strain N23 showed significantly higher germination levels than untreated ones. Moreover, strain N23 effectively reduced the lesion area of pepper anthracnose disease in planta. The gene clusters responsible for antifungal metabolites (fengycin, surfactin, and iturin) were identified in the genome sequence of N23 based on genome mining and PCR. Furthermore, methanol extracts of the bacterial culture caused significant inhibition in growth of the fungal Colletotrichum sp. and Botrytis cinerea. These findings suggested that B. velezensis N23 could be a potential biocontrol agent in agricultural production and a source of antimicrobial compounds for further exploitation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12020294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]],"date-time":"2024-01-30T03:45:12Z","timestamp":1706586312000},"page":"294","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Genome Sequencing and Characterization of Bacillus velezensis N23 as Biocontrol Agent against Plant Pathogens"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6979-1678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panlei","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingchao","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenxiao","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luotao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenshuo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4951","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.9.4951-4959.2005","article-title":"Use of Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria for Biocontrol of Plant Diseases: Principles, Mechanisms of Action, and Future Prospects","volume":"71","author":"Compant","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-018-0793-y","article-title":"The Global Burden of Pathogens and Pests on Major Food Crops","volume":"3","author":"Savary","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, L., Wu, H.J., Qiao, J.Q., Gao, X.W., and Rainer, B. (2015). Novel Routes for Improving Biocontrol Activity of Bacillus Based Bioinoculants. Front. Microbiol., 6.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01395"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"e01118","article-title":"Cropping Systems in Agriculture and Their Impact on Soil Health\u2014A Review","volume":"23","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Glob. Ecol. Conserv."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/S2095-3119(15)61300-4","article-title":"Problems, Challenges and Future of Plant Disease Management: From an Ecological Point of View","volume":"15","author":"He","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Integr. Agric."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qiao, J.Q., Wu, H.J., Huo, R., Gao, X.W., and Rainer, B. (2014). Stimulation of Plant Growth and Biocontrol by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum Fzb42 Engineered for Improved Action. Chem. Biol. Technol. Agric., 1.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40538-014-0012-2"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paterson, J., Ghazaleh, J., Li, Y., Wang, Q., Samina, M., Harald, G., and Gerard, M. (2017). The Contribution of Genome Mining Strategies to the Understanding of Active Principles of PGPR Strains. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol., 93.","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fiw249"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prisa, D., Roberto, F., and Damiano, S. (2023). Microbial Biofertilisers in Plant Production and Resistance: A Review. Agriculture, 13.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202307.1625.v1"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923880","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.923880","article-title":"Plant Growth-Promoting Microorganisms as Biocontrol Agents of Plant Diseases: Mechanisms, Challenges and Future Perspectives","volume":"13","author":"Ahmed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Borriss, R. (2015). Principles of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Springer."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-020-01436-8","article-title":"Bacillus subtilis: A Universal Cell Factory for Industry, Agriculture, Biomaterials and Medicine","volume":"19","author":"Su","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microb. Cell Factories"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luo, L., Zhao, C., Wang, E., Ali, R., and Yin, C. (2022). Bacillus amyloliquefaciens as an Excellent Agent for Biofertilizer and Biocontrol in Agriculture: An Overview for Its Mechanisms. Microbiol. Res., 259.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2022.127016"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1080\/17518253.2021.1905080","article-title":"Bacilli as Sources of Agrobiotechnology: Recent Advances and Future Directions","volume":"14","author":"Dame","year":"2021","journal-title":"Green Chem. Lett. Rev."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ge.20.120186.003205","article-title":"Genetics of Endospore Formation in Bacillus-subtilis","volume":"20","author":"Losick","year":"1986","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro750","article-title":"Regulation of Endospore Formation in Bacillus subtilis","volume":"1","author":"Errington","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1007\/s11101-013-9278-4","article-title":"Comparative Genome Analysis of Bacillus spp. and Its Relationship with Bioactive Nonribosomal Peptide Production","volume":"12","author":"Hamdache","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phytochem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI-02-15-0023-R","article-title":"Comparative Genomics within the Bacillus Genus Reveal the Singularities of Two Robust Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Biocontrol Strains","volume":"28","author":"Hierrezuelo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fan, H., Zhang, Z., Li, Y., Zhang, X., Duan, Y., and Wang, Q. (2017). Biocontrol of Bacterial Fruit Blotch by Bacillus subtilis 9407 Via Surfactin-Mediated Antibacterial Activity and Colonization. Front. Microbiol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01973"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2018.10.002","article-title":"The Phosphotransferase System Gene Ptsh Plays an Important Role in Mnsod Production, Biofilm Formation, Swarming Motility, and Root Colonization in Bacillus Cereus 905","volume":"170","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Res. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1111\/mpp.12809","article-title":"Surfactin and Fengycin Contribute to the Protection of a Bacillus subtilis Strain against Grape Downy Mildew by Both Direct Effect and Defence Stimulation","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.06.103","article-title":"The Central Role of Interbacterial Antagonism in Bacterial Life","volume":"30","author":"Peterson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2012.00328.x","article-title":"Multi-Species Biofilms: How to Avoid Unfriendly Neighbors","volume":"36","author":"Rendueles","year":"2012","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1325","article-title":"Comparative Analysis of the Complete Genome Sequence of the Plant Growth\u2013Promoting Bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Fzb42","volume":"25","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.4.1084-1096.2004","article-title":"Structural and Functional Characterization of Gene Clusters Directing Nonribosomal Synthesis of Bioactive Cyclic Lipopeptides in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Strain FZB 42","volume":"186","author":"Koumoutsi","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI-20-4-0430","article-title":"The Iturin and Fengycin Families of Lipopeptides Are Key Factors in Antagonism of Bacillus subtilis toward Podosphaera fusca","volume":"20","author":"Romero","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI-06-11-0162","article-title":"The Iturin-like Lipopeptides Are Essential Components in the Biological Control Arsenal of against Bacterial Diseases of Cucurbits","volume":"24","author":"Zeriouh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02645-12","article-title":"Contribution of Bacillomycin D in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR9 to Antifungal Activity and Biofilm Formation","volume":"79","author":"Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-014-6195-4","article-title":"Bacillomycin L and Surfactin Contribute Synergistically to the Phenotypic Features of Bacillus subtilis 916 and the Biocontrol of Rice Sheath Blight Induced by Rhizoctonia solani","volume":"99","author":"Luo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-80231-2","article-title":"Characterization of Bacillus velezensis Ak-0 as a Biocontrol Agent against Apple Bitter Rot Caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105067","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cropro.2019.105067","article-title":"A Review on the Management of Postharvest Anthracnose in Dragon Fruits Caused by Colletotrichum spp.","volume":"130","author":"Bordoh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crop Prot."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9060623","article-title":"Green Management of Postharvest Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides","volume":"9","author":"Yeimmy","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Fungi"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11621","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.191384198","article-title":"Fruiting Body Formation by Bacillus subtilis","volume":"98","author":"Branda","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cropro.2017.02.018","article-title":"Screening and Characterization of Endophytic Bacillus for Biocontrol of Grapevine Downy Mildew","volume":"96","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crop Prot."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5080","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01092-12","article-title":"Evidence for Cyclic Di-Gmp-Mediated Signaling in Bacillus subtilis","volume":"194","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8823","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-012-4572-4","article-title":"Enhanced Root Colonization and Biocontrol Activity of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR9 by Abrb Gene Disruption","volume":"97","author":"Weng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/eraa564","article-title":"MAPK11 Regulates Seed Germination and Aba Signaling in Tomato by Phosphorylating SNRKS","volume":"72","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3059.2007.01782.x","article-title":"Characterization and Pathogenicity of Colletotrichum Species Associated with Anthracnose on Chilli (Capsicum spp.) in Thailand","volume":"57","author":"Than","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1139\/w03-076","article-title":"Developments in the Use of Bacillus species for Industrial Production","volume":"50","author":"Schallmey","year":"2004","journal-title":"Can. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"gix120","DOI":"10.1093\/gigascience\/gix120","article-title":"SOAPnuke: A Mapreduce Acceleration-Supported Software for Integrated Quality Control and Preprocessing of High-Throughput Sequencing Data","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gigascience"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Phillippy, A.M., Ryan, R.W., Louise, M.J., Claire, L.G., and Kathryn, E.H. (2017). Unicycler: Resolving Bacterial Genome Assemblies from Short and Long Sequencing Reads. PLoS Comput. Biol., 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1005595"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s42483-021-00103-z","article-title":"Organization, Evolution and Function of Fengycin Biosynthesis Gene Clusters in the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Group","volume":"3","author":"Zeng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phytopathol. Res."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst010","article-title":"Mafft Multiple Sequence Alignment Software Version 7: Improvements in Performance and Usability","volume":"30","author":"Katoh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026334","article-title":"Selection of Conserved Blocks from Multiple Alignments for Their Use in Phylogenetic Analysis","volume":"17","author":"Castresana","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btv681","article-title":"Jspeciesws: A Web Server for Prokaryotic Species Circumscription Based on Pairwise Genome Comparison","volume":"32","author":"Richter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"10","article-title":"Bacillus subtilis Early Colonization of Arabidopsis thaliana Roots Involves Multiple Chemotaxis Receptors","volume":"7","author":"Rosalie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mbio"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.12697","article-title":"Biofilm Formation by Bacillus subtilis: New Insights into Regulatory Strategies and Assembly Mechanisms","volume":"93","author":"Cairns","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"555","article-title":"Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Bacillus subtilis Biofilm Formation","volume":"17","author":"Benjamin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2012.02860.x","article-title":"Biocontrol of Tomato Wilt Disease by Bacillus subtilis Isolates from Natural Environments Depends on Conserved Genes Mediating Biofilm Formation","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026555830014","article-title":"Phylogenetic Analysis of Bacillus subtilis and Related Taxa Based on Partial Gyra Gene Sequences Gene Sequences","volume":"78","author":"Chun","year":"2000","journal-title":"Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Int. J. Gen. Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5951","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-017-8396-0","article-title":"Biological Activity of Lipopeptides from Bacillus","volume":"101","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5344","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.5b01198","article-title":"Synergistic Effects of [Ile7]Surfactin Homologues with Bacillomycin D in Suppression of Gray Mold Disease by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Biocontrol Strain Sd-32","volume":"63","author":"Tanaka","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.syapm.2015.03.007","article-title":"Multilocus Sequence Analysis (Mlsa) in Prokaryotic Taxonomy","volume":"38","author":"Glaeser","year":"2015","journal-title":"Syst. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.000858","article-title":"Bacillus velezensis Is Not a Later Heterotypic Synonym of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; Bacillus methylotrophicus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. Plantarum and \u2018Bacillus oryzicola\u2019 Are Later Heterotypic Synonyms of Bacillus Velezensis Based on Phylogenomics","volume":"66","author":"Dunlap","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2017.05.006","article-title":"An Improved Strategy for Stable Biocontrol Agents Selecting to Control Rice Sheath Blight Caused by Rhizoctonia solani","volume":"203","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-01-22-0078-RE","article-title":"Kurstakin Triggers Multicellular Behaviors in AR156 and Enhances Disease Control Efficacy against Rice Sheath Blight","volume":"107","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant Dis."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, H., Liu, R.J., You, M.P., Martin, J.B., and Chen, Y.L. (2021). Pathogen Biocontrol Using Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria (PGPR): Role of Bacterial Diversity. Microorganisms, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9091988"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abd-Elgawad, M.M.M., and Tarique, H.A. (2020). Factors Affecting Success of Biological Agents Used in Controlling the Plant-Parasitic Nematodes. Egypt. J. Biol. Pest Control, 30.","DOI":"10.1186\/s41938-020-00215-2"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2014.07.002","article-title":"Biological Control Agents: From Field to Market, Problems, and Challenges","volume":"32","author":"Velivelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2007.12.009","article-title":"Bacillus Lipopeptides: Versatile Weapons for Plant Disease Biocontrol","volume":"16","author":"Ongena","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sreedharan, S.M., Niharika, R., and Rajni, S. (2023). Microbial Lipopeptides: Properties, Mechanics and Engineering for Novel Lipopeptides. Microbiol. Res., 271.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2023.127363"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fazle, R.M., and Baek, K.H. (2020). Antimicrobial Activities of Lipopeptides and Polyketides of Bacillus velezensis for Agricultural Applications. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25214973"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI-03-15-0066-R","article-title":"Cyclic Lipopeptides of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. Plantarum Colonizing the Lettuce Rhizosphere Enhance Plant Defense Responses toward the Bottom Rot Pathogen Rhizoctonia solani","volume":"28","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact."}],"container-title":["Microorganisms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/12\/2\/294\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T13:51:31Z","timestamp":1760104291000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/12\/2\/294"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["microorganisms12020294"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms12020294","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2607"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2607","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]]}}}