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Notably, there has been a global rise in the prevalence of precocious puberty in recent years, particularly among girls, where approximately 90% of central precocious puberty cases lack a clearly identifiable cause. While a link between precocious puberty and the gut microbiota has been observed, the precise causality and underlying mechanisms remain elusive. This narrative review aims to systematically elucidate the potential mechanisms that underlie the intricate relationship between the gut microbiota and precocious puberty. Potential avenues of exploration include investigating the impact of the gut microbiota on endocrine function, particularly in the regulation of hormones, such as gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Additionally, this review will delve into the intricate interplay between the gut microbiome, metabolism, and obesity, considering the known association between obesity and precocious puberty. This review will also explore how the microbiome\u2019s involvement in nutrient metabolism could impact precocious puberty. Finally, attention is given to the microbiota\u2019s ability to produce neurotransmitters and neuroactive compounds, potentially influencing the central nervous system components involved in regulating puberty. By exploring these mechanisms, this narrative review seeks to identify unexplored targets and emerging directions in understanding the role of the gut microbiome in relation to precocious puberty. The ultimate goal is to provide valuable insights for the development of non-invasive diagnostic methods and innovative therapeutic strategies for precocious puberty in the future, such as specific probiotic therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12020323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]],"date-time":"2024-02-05T08:41:43Z","timestamp":1707122503000},"page":"323","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Exploring the Mechanistic Interplay between Gut Microbiota and Precocious Puberty: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Min","family":"Yue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiome-X, National Institute of Health Data Science of China & Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiome-X, National Institute of Health Data Science of China & Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0617-x","article-title":"Temporal development of the gut microbiome in early childhood from the TEDDY study","volume":"562","author":"Stewart","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2889","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00342-14","article-title":"Establishment of intestinal microbiota during early life: A longitudinal, explorative study of a large cohort of Danish infants","volume":"80","author":"Skov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. 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