{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T23:25:21Z","timestamp":1790810721019,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]],"date-time":"2024-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"R\u00e9gion Hauts-de-France","award":["AGRIMARK STIR-000030 (2020-01182)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGRIMARK STIR-000030 (2020-01182)"]}]},{"name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","award":["AGRIMARK STIR-000030 (2020-01182)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGRIMARK STIR-000030 (2020-01182)"]}]},{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale","award":["AGRIMARK STIR-000030 (2020-01182)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGRIMARK STIR-000030 (2020-01182)"]}]},{"name":"Institut Pasteur de Lille","award":["AGRIMARK STIR-000030 (2020-01182)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGRIMARK STIR-000030 (2020-01182)"]}]},{"name":"University of Lille and the CHRU of Lille","award":["AGRIMARK STIR-000030 (2020-01182)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGRIMARK STIR-000030 (2020-01182)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cryptosporidium apicomplexan protozoa are ubiquitous intracellular agents affecting humans and animals. In particular, bovine cryptosporidiosis is recognized as endemic worldwide. However, epidemiological investigations remain limited in France regarding the burden of these parasites in cattle. To improve our understanding of the epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis, the main aim of this study was to determine the frequency and the genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium in adult Prim\u2019Holstein dairy cattle farms in the north of France. Fecal specimens were collected from 1454 non-diarrheic and non-pregnant animals (nulli-, primi-, or multiparous) throughout 20 farms in an area of 110 km around Lille. For Cryptosporidium species identification, nested PCR followed by sequence and phylogenetic analyses were used. The overall frequency of Cryptosporidium spp. in-fection was 30.00% (C.I. 95%: 12.83\u201354.33) in farms and 0.89% (C.I. 95%: 0.498\u20131.57) at the individual level. In primi- or multiparous cows, only C. andersoni was found. C. ryanae, C. bovis\/xiaoi and C. andersoni were detected in heifers. The phylogenetic tree confirmed that analyzed sequences were grouped with known reference sequences reported in dairy cattle. Further studies on the cumulative prevalence, risks factors and pathogenicity are needed to give a more accurate assessment of the impact of Cryptosporidium infection in dairy cattle in France.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12020335","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]],"date-time":"2024-02-05T08:41:43Z","timestamp":1707122503000},"page":"335","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Frequency and Molecular Identification of Cryptosporidium in Adult Prim\u2019Holstein Dairy Cattle Farms in the North of France"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0827-3188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela","family":"Certad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre National de la Rrecherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (Inserm), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL-Centre d\u2019Infection et d\u2019Immunit\u00e9 de Lille, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France"},{"name":"D\u00e9l\u00e9gation \u00e0 la Recherche Clinique et \u00e0 l\u2019Innovation, Groupement des H\u00f4pitaux de l\u2019Institut Catholique de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2876-4945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nausicaa","family":"Gantois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre National de la Rrecherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (Inserm), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL-Centre d\u2019Infection et d\u2019Immunit\u00e9 de Lille, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Merlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GD Biotech-G\u00e8nes Diffusion, F-59000 Lille, France"},{"name":"PEGASE-Biosciences (Plateforme d\u2019Expertises G\u00e9nomiques Appliqu\u00e9es aux Sciences Exp\u00e9rimentales), Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Martel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GD Biotech-G\u00e8nes Diffusion, F-59000 Lille, France"},{"name":"PEGASE-Biosciences (Plateforme d\u2019Expertises G\u00e9nomiques Appliqu\u00e9es aux Sciences Exp\u00e9rimentales), Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2930-8204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ga\u00ebl","family":"Even","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GD Biotech-G\u00e8nes Diffusion, F-59000 Lille, France"},{"name":"PEGASE-Biosciences (Plateforme d\u2019Expertises G\u00e9nomiques Appliqu\u00e9es aux Sciences Exp\u00e9rimentales), Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5805-7179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Viscogliosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre National de la Rrecherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (Inserm), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL-Centre d\u2019Infection et d\u2019Immunit\u00e9 de Lille, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6509-7574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christophe","family":"Audebert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GD Biotech-G\u00e8nes Diffusion, F-59000 Lille, France"},{"name":"PEGASE-Biosciences (Plateforme d\u2019Expertises G\u00e9nomiques Appliqu\u00e9es aux Sciences Exp\u00e9rimentales), Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6732-6772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magali","family":"Chab\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre National de la Rrecherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (Inserm), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL-Centre d\u2019Infection et d\u2019Immunit\u00e9 de Lille, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182014001085","article-title":"Cryptosporidium species in humans and animals: Current understanding and research needs","volume":"141","author":"Ryan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8663","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b00452","article-title":"Global Cryptosporidium loads from livestock manure","volume":"51","author":"Vermeulen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. 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