{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T22:20:32Z","timestamp":1792621232425,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,25]],"date-time":"2024-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gut dysbiosis and subclinical intestinal damage are common in cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to examine the association of intestinal damage biomarkers (diamine oxidase [DAO], claudin 3, and intestinal fatty acid binding protein [I-FABP; FABP2]) with the state of the gut microbiota in cirrhosis. The blood levels of DAO were inversely correlated with blood levels of claudin 3, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), presepsin, TNF-\u03b1, and the severity of cirrhosis according to Child\u2013Pugh scores. The blood level of I-FABP was directly correlated with the blood level of claudin 3 but not with that of DAO. Patients with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) had lower DAO levels than patients without SIBO. There was no significant difference in claudin 3 levels and I-FABP detection rates between patients with and without SIBO. The DAO level was directly correlated with the abundance of Akkermansiaceae, Akkermansia, Allisonella, Clostridiaceae, Dialister, Lactobacillus, Muribaculaceae, Negativibacillus, Ruminococcus, Thiomicrospiraceae, Verrucomicrobiae, and Verrucomicrobiota; and it was inversely correlated with the abundance of Anaerostipes, Erysipelatoclostridium, and Vibrio. The I-FABP level was directly correlated with Anaerostipes, Bacteroidia, Bacteroidota, Bilophila, Megamonas, and Selenomonadaceae; and it was inversely correlated with the abundance of Brucella, Pseudomonadaceae, Pseudomonas, and Vibrionaceae. The claudin 3 level was directly correlated with Anaerostipes abundance and was inversely correlated with the abundance of Brucella, Coriobacteriia, Eggerthellaceae, and Lactobacillus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12030463","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,26]],"date-time":"2024-02-26T08:59:01Z","timestamp":1708937941000},"page":"463","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Gut Microbiota and Biomarkers of Intestinal Barrier Damage in Cirrhosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Irina","family":"Efremova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119991, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7513-1636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roman","family":"Maslennikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119991, Russia"},{"name":"The Interregional Public Organization \u201cScientific Community for the Promotion of the Clinical Study of the Human Microbiome\u201d, Moscow 119435, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8942-4851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oleg","family":"Medvedev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gori 1, Moscow 119991, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3722-8207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Kudryavtseva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Genomic Research Laboratory, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 32, Moscow 119991, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3057-9175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasia","family":"Avdeeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, Kashirskoye Shose 34A, Moscow 115522, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6493-8378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Krasnov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Genomic Research Laboratory, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 32, Moscow 119991, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filipp","family":"Romanikhin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gori 1, Moscow 119991, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikhail","family":"Diatroptov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, Kashirskoye Shose 34A, Moscow 115522, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6893-4673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Fedorova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Genomic Research Laboratory, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 32, Moscow 119991, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Poluektova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119991, Russia"},{"name":"The Interregional Public Organization \u201cScientific Community for the Promotion of the Clinical Study of the Human Microbiome\u201d, Moscow 119435, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Levshina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119991, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Ivashkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119991, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01374-X","article-title":"Liver cirrhosis","volume":"398","author":"Krag","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.015","article-title":"The Global Burden of Liver Disease","volume":"21","author":"Younossi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. 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