{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T22:47:02Z","timestamp":1791499622734,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,26]],"date-time":"2024-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Venous leg ulcers (VLUs) are a common chronic wound condition susceptible to infection by various bacterial species. Understanding bacterial presence and antibiotic sensitivity is crucial for effective treatment. Methods\u02d0 Medical records of 60 patients diagnosed with the C6 chronic venous insufficiency stage were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into an active recurrent VLU group (33 cases) and a first-onset active VLU group (27 cases). Bacterial identification, antibiotic sensitivity, and laboratory markers were assessed. Results\u02d0 Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most prevalent bacterial species in both the study (72.72%) and control (37.03%) groups, along with other common bacteria such as Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcus sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella spp., and Escherichia coli. Furthermore, uncommon bacteria, including Providencia rettgeri, Group B Streptococcus, and Salmonella Paratyphi B, and a fungal infection with Candida albicans, were identified only in the study group, while Morganella morganii was found exclusively in the control group. Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed significant sensitivity to several antibiotics, particularly Amikacin and Meropenem. Nonspecific laboratory markers, such as CRP, fibrinogen, ESR, WBC, CK, neutrophils, and lymphocytes, revealed statistically significant differences between groups, indicating their potential as biomarkers for monitoring recurrent VLUs. Conclusions\u02d0 These results highlight the need for comprehensive diagnostic approaches to effectively manage VLU infections and improve patient outcomes. Further research is warranted to explore factors influencing the presence of uncommon bacteria and to develop targeted interventions for VLU management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12030472","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,26]],"date-time":"2024-02-26T10:40:17Z","timestamp":1708944017000},"page":"472","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Bacterial Species Involved in Venous Leg Ulcer Infections and Their Sensitivity to Antibiotherapy\u2014An Alarm Signal Regarding the Seriousness of Chronic Venous Insufficiency C6 Stage and Its Need for Prompt Treatment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0854-8164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergiu-Ciprian","family":"Matei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Abdominal Surgery and Phlebology Research Center, Victor Babe\u0219 University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"1st Surgical Department, Pius Br\u00eenzeu Emergency County Hospital, 300736 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8933-3060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina Stefania","family":"Dumitru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microscopic Morphology\/Histology, Angiogenesis Research Center, Victor Babe\u0219 University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayman Mohamed","family":"Fakhry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery, Military Academy, Cairo 1000, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nenad","family":"Ilijevski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Surgery Clinic, Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases \u201cDedinje\u201d, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3219-1396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Slobodan","family":"Pe\u0161i\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Surgery Clinic, Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases \u201cDedinje\u201d, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9032-6228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jovan","family":"Petrovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Surgery Clinic, Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases \u201cDedinje\u201d, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zorin Petri\u015for","family":"Cr\u0103iniceanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Victor Babe\u0219 University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3045-6282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marius-Sorin","family":"Murariu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abdominal Surgery and Phlebology Research Center, Victor Babe\u0219 University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"1st Surgical Department, Pius Br\u00eenzeu Emergency County Hospital, 300736 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sorin","family":"Olariu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abdominal Surgery and Phlebology Research Center, Victor Babe\u0219 University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"1st Surgical Department, Pius Br\u00eenzeu Emergency County Hospital, 300736 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1177\/0268355516657686","article-title":"Guidelines on venous ulceration: A mess","volume":"32","author":"Maccatrozzo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phlebology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1177\/0268355516632998","article-title":"Pathophysiology of wound healing and alterations in venous leg ulcers-review","volume":"31","author":"Raffetto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phlebology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s10354-016-0487-5","article-title":"Das ven\u00f6seUlcus cruris [Venous ulcer]","volume":"166","year":"2016","journal-title":"Wien. 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Disord."}],"container-title":["Microorganisms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/12\/3\/472\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:05:12Z","timestamp":1760105112000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/12\/3\/472"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,26]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["microorganisms12030472"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms12030472","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2607"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2607","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,26]]}}}