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To control leishmaniasis, the participation of CD4+ Th1 cells together with macrophages, neutrophils, and other peripheral blood cells, including platelets, is necessary. These anuclear fragments, when activated, produce microvesicles (MVs) that can reach locations outside the blood, carrying molecules responsible for activating pro-inflammatory responses and antigen presentation. Using flow cytometry, this current study evaluated the frequency and concentration of platelet-derived MVs (pMVs) in plasma samples obtained from patients in the acute phase and undergoing treatment, as well as from healthy volunteers. Our results revealed a higher frequency and concentration of pMVs in the plasma of patients with acute CL when compared to all other groups studied. These results highlight the impact of pMVs in modulating the immune response of CL patients, correlating their higher concentrations and frequencies in CL-patient plasmas, with the acute inflammatory status of the disease and their reduction with beneficial results of systemic treatment with antimony. This knowledge is essential to define potential treatment protocols, as well as highlight pMVs as biomarkers for the different clinical stages of CL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12030526","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]],"date-time":"2024-03-06T04:03:50Z","timestamp":1709697830000},"page":"526","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Platelet-Derived Microvesicles Contribute to the Pathophysiogenesis of Human Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: A Nano-Flow Cytometric Approach in Plasma Samples from Patients before and under Antimonial Treatment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Vanessa Fernandes de Abreu","family":"Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thaize Quiroga","family":"Chometon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine Kelda Gomes","family":"de Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa Silva Gon\u00e7alves","family":"Ponte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8159-0502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria In\u00eas Fernandes","family":"Pimentel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Research and Surveillance in Leishmaniasis, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo Rosandiski","family":"Lyra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Research and Surveillance in Leishmaniasis, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alvaro Luiz","family":"Bertho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"BRASIL, Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade (2023, December 15). 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