{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T22:18:57Z","timestamp":1772662737365,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]],"date-time":"2024-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"INIFAP-Mexico","award":["13565835111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13565835111"]}]},{"name":"INIFAP-Mexico","award":["1322633028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1322633028"]}]},{"name":"INIFAP-Mexico","award":["248049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["248049"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"CONACYT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["13565835111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13565835111"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"CONACYT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1322633028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1322633028"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"CONACYT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["248049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["248049"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rhipicephalus microplus is a persistent ectoparasite of cattle that causes bovine anaplasmosis and babesiosis, causing economic losses worldwide. Chemical treatment is the primary method for tick control, but the emergence of pesticide-resistant ticks is a major challenge. Alternative biocontrol strategies utilizing entomopathogenic microorganisms are being explored. This study aimed to validate the species identification and assess the efficacy of four strains of Staphylococcus bacteria (S. shinii S1 and S-2, S. succinus, and S. xylosus) previously reported as being entomopathogenic to R. microplus ticks. According to the bioassays, S. shinii S-1 exhibited the greatest degree of reproductive inhibition (47%), followed by S. succinus (44.3%) at a concentration of 1 \u00d7 108 cfu\/mL. S. xylosus displayed decreased reproductive inhibition (6.3%). In an additional bioassay, S. shinii S-1 exhibited a significant larval mortality of 67.63%, followed by S. succinus with 66.75%, S. shinni S-2 with 64.61%, and S. xylosus with 28.18% mortality. The common signs of infection observed on these ticks included swelling, yellowish exudate on the hypostome, and reduced limb mobility and color change, except for S. succinus, which did not cause color changes. These bacteria were naturally found on bovine skin. However, further studies are needed to confirm their potential as promising alternatives or complementary agents to existing acaricidal compounds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12030551","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]],"date-time":"2024-03-11T07:25:32Z","timestamp":1710141932000},"page":"551","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Staphylococcus Bacteria as a Biocontrol Agent against Rhipicephalus microplus Ticks: Assessing Reproductive Inhibition and Mortality Rates"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3681-2492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel","family":"Cossio-Bayugar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agr\u00edcolas y Pecuarias INIFAP, Boulevard Cuauhnahuac 8534, Jiutepec 62574, Morelos, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cesar A.","family":"Arreguin-Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agr\u00edcolas y Pecuarias INIFAP, Boulevard Cuauhnahuac 8534, Jiutepec 62574, Morelos, Mexico"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Biotecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hugo","family":"Aguilar-Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agr\u00edcolas y Pecuarias INIFAP, Boulevard Cuauhnahuac 8534, Jiutepec 62574, Morelos, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0464-3666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Estefan","family":"Miranda-Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agr\u00edcolas y Pecuarias INIFAP, Boulevard Cuauhnahuac 8534, Jiutepec 62574, Morelos, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-017-5677-6","article-title":"Strategies for the Control of Rhipicephalus microplus Ticks in a World of Conventional Acaricide and Macrocyclic Lactone Resistance","volume":"117","author":"Jonsson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasitol. 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