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This study aimed to investigate the circulation of yellow fever virus (YFV) in non-human primates (NHPs) and mosquitoes collected in urban parks and other metropolitan areas of midwest Brazil between 2017 and 2018. Whole blood samples from 80 NHPs, including 48 black-tailed marmosets (Mico melanurus) and 2332 mosquitoes from six different genera, were collected in the states of Mato Grosso (MT) and Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) and then tested for YFV by RT-qPCR. Additionally, 23 plasma samples of NHPs were tested for neutralizing antibodies for YFV by a plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). No YFV RNA or neutralizing antibodies for YFV were detected in NHPs and mosquitoes from MT and MS. The continuous monitoring of YFV circulation in different species of NHPs and vectors in urban areas is instrumental to quickly assess potentially unknown maintenance cycles of yellow fever at the human\u2013animal interface in Brazil.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12030594","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]],"date-time":"2024-03-18T06:58:39Z","timestamp":1710745119000},"page":"594","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Investigation of Yellow Fever Virus at the Human\u2013Animal Interface after a Zika Virus Outbreak in Midwest Brazil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Lis Alvarez","family":"Baranowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio das Intera\u00e7\u00f5es V\u00edrus-Hospedeiros, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5181-7078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helver Gon\u00e7alves","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio das Intera\u00e7\u00f5es V\u00edrus-Hospedeiros, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9229-5912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D\u00e9bora","family":"Familiar-Macedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio das Intera\u00e7\u00f5es V\u00edrus-Hospedeiros, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5462-5386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gilberto","family":"Sabino-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LO 70112, USA"},{"name":"Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2404-8765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heitor Miraglia","family":"Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia Parasit\u00e1ria, Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Ambientais e Sustentabilidade Agropecu\u00e1ria, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Dom Bosco (UCDB), Campo Grande 79117-010, MS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3246-899X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata Dezengrini","family":"Slhessarenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiab\u00e1 78060-900, MT, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1309-5366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fl\u00e1via Barreto","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio das Intera\u00e7\u00f5es V\u00edrus-Hospedeiros, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6924-157X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex","family":"Pauvolid-Corr\u00eaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Virologia Veterin\u00e1ria de Vi\u00e7osa, Departamento de Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade Federal de Vi\u00e7osa (UFV), Vi\u00e7osa 36570-900, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2016.08.008","article-title":"Complexity of virus\u2013vector interactions","volume":"21","author":"Kramer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. 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