{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T15:09:57Z","timestamp":1778771397830,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2022R1A2C1011742"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2022R1A2C1011742"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MABIK 2024M00600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MABIK 2024M00600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2023-00219517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00219517"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009338","name":"National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2022R1A2C1011742"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2022R1A2C1011742"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009338","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009338","name":"National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MABIK 2024M00600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MABIK 2024M00600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009338","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009338","name":"National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2023-00219517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00219517"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009338","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2022R1A2C1011742"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2022R1A2C1011742"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MABIK 2024M00600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MABIK 2024M00600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2023-00219517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00219517"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Epidemic diseases that arise from infectious RNA viruses, particularly influenza viruses, pose a constant threat to the global economy and public health. Viral evolution has undermined the efficacy of acquired immunity from vaccines and the antiviral effects of FDA-approved drugs. As such, there is an urgent need to develop new antiviral lead agents. Natural compounds, owing to their historical validation of application and safety, have become a promising solution. In this light, a novel marine bacterium, Pseudomonas sp. M20A4R8, has been found to exhibit significant antiviral activity [half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 1.3 \u00b5g\/mL, selectivity index (SI) = 919.4] against influenza virus A\/Puerto Rico\/8\/34, surpassing the activity of chloroquine. The antiviral response via M20A4R8 extract was induced during post-entry stages of the influenza virus, indicating suitability for post-application after the establishment of viral infection. Furthermore, post-treatment with M20A4R8 extract protected the host from virus-induced apoptosis, suggesting its potential use in acute respiratory disease complexes resulting from immune effectors\u2019 overstimulation and autophagy-mediated self-apoptosis. The extract demonstrated an outstanding therapeutic index against influenza virus A\/Wisconsin\/15\/2009 (IC50 = 8.1 \u00b5g\/mL, SI = 146.2) and B\/Florida\/78\/2015 Victoria lineage (IC50 = 3.5 \u00b5g\/mL, SI = 343.8), indicating a broad anti-influenza virus activity with guaranteed safety and effectiveness. This study provides a new perspective on mechanisms for preventing a broad spectrum of viral infections through antiviral agents from novel and natural origins. Future studies on a single or combined compound from the extract hold promise, encouraging its use in preclinical challenge tests with various influenza virus strains.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12040677","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T12:52:12Z","timestamp":1711630332000},"page":"677","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Noble Extract of Pseudomonas sp. M20A4R8 Efficiently Controlling the Influenza Virus-Induced Cell Death"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Su-Bin","family":"Jung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8009-8006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grace","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Application and Technology, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyo-Jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyeong-Seo","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyeong-Hak","family":"Na","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9989-6190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong Min","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Application and Technology, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5992-5321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jimin","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mi Yeong","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Research, Jeollanam-do Institute of Health and Environment, Muan 58568, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jae-Yeong","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Research, Jeollanam-do Institute of Health and Environment, Muan 58568, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1703-7742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yeong-Bin","family":"Baek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun-Gyu","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1709-0324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang-Ik","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2745","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_2071_20","article-title":"Viral Pandemics in the Past Two Decades: An Overview","volume":"10","author":"Bhadoria","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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