{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T14:04:25Z","timestamp":1787580265953,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":127,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]],"date-time":"2024-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Intense physical exercise can be related to a significant incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms, with a prevalence documented in the literature above 80%, especially for more intense forms such as running. This is in an initial phase due to the distancing of the flow of blood from the digestive system to the skeletal muscle and thermoregulatory systems, and secondarily to sympathetic nervous activation and hormonal response with alteration of intestinal motility, transit, and nutrient absorption capacity. The sum of these effects results in a localized inflammatory process with disruption of the intestinal microbiota and, in the long term, systemic inflammation. The most frequent early symptoms include abdominal cramps, flatulence, the urge to defecate, rectal bleeding, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, regurgitation, chest pain, heartburn, and belching. Promoting the stability of the microbiota can contribute to the maintenance of correct intestinal permeability and functionality, with better control of these symptoms. The literature documents various acute and chronic alterations of the microbiota following the practice of different types of activities. Several nutraceuticals can have functional effects on the control of inflammatory dynamics and the stability of the microbiota, exerting both nutraceutical and prebiotic effects. In particular, curcumin, green tea catechins, boswellia, berberine, and cranberry PACs can show functional characteristics in the management of these situations. This narrative review will describe its application potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12040804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]],"date-time":"2024-04-17T09:15:20Z","timestamp":1713345320000},"page":"804","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Sports-Related Gastrointestinal Disorders: From the Microbiota to the Possible Role of Nutraceuticals, a Narrative Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3922-9115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Bertuccioli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61122 Urbino, Italy"},{"name":"Microbiota International Clinical Society, 10123 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giordano Bruno","family":"Zonzini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61122 Urbino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Cazzaniga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiota International Clinical Society, 10123 Torino, Italy"},{"name":"Scientific & Research Department, Velleja Research, 20125 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Cardinali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61122 Urbino, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Infermi Hospital, AUSL Romagna, 47921 Rimini, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6654-8675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Di Pierro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiota International Clinical Society, 10123 Torino, Italy"},{"name":"Scientific & Research Department, Velleja Research, 20125 Milano, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insurbia, 21100 Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aurora","family":"Gregoretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiota International Clinical Society, 10123 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Zerbinati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insurbia, 21100 Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigina","family":"Guasti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insurbia, 21100 Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Rosaria","family":"Matera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiota International Clinical Society, 10123 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Cavecchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiota International Clinical Society, 10123 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara Maria","family":"Palazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiota International Clinical Society, 10123 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bonomini-Gnutzmann, R., Plaza-D\u00edaz, J., Jorquera-Aguilera, C., Rodr\u00edguez-Rodr\u00edguez, A., and Rodr\u00edguez-Rodr\u00edguez, F. (2022). Effect of Intensity and Duration of Exercise on Gut Microbiota in Humans: A Systematic Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19159518"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"126","article-title":"Physical Activity, Exercise, and Physical Fitness: Definitions and Distinctions for Health-Related Research","volume":"100","author":"Caspersen","year":"1985","journal-title":"Public Health Rep."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803774","article-title":"Physical Fitness in Childhood and Adolescence: A Powerful Marker of Health","volume":"32","author":"Ortega","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2519","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-017-3739-1","article-title":"Exercise and Gastrointestinal Symptoms: Running-Induced Changes in Intestinal Permeability and Markers of Gastrointestinal Function in Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Runners","volume":"117","author":"Karhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1711.2000.t01-7-.x","article-title":"Overtraining Effects on Immunity and Performance in Athletes","volume":"78","author":"MacKinnon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Immunol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s12970-016-0155-6","article-title":"Exercise-Induced Stress Behavior, Gut-Microbiota-Brain Axis and Diet: A Systematic Review for Athletes","volume":"13","author":"Clark","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liang, R., Zhang, S., Peng, X., Yang, W., Xu, Y., Wu, P., Chen, J., Cai, Y., and Zhou, J. (2019). Characteristics of the Gut Microbiota in Professional Martial Arts Athletes: A Comparison between Different Competition Levels. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0226240"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1186\/s40814-019-0459-9","article-title":"Impact of Endurance Exercise and Probiotic Supplementation on the Intestinal Microbiota: A Cross-over Pilot Study","volume":"5","author":"Schmitz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pilot. Feasibility Stud."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tota, \u0141., Piotrowska, A., Pa\u0142ka, T., Morawska, M., Miku\u013e\u00e1kov\u00e1, W., Mucha, D., \u017bmuda-Pa\u0142ka, M., and Pilch, W. (2019). Muscle and Intestinal Damage in Triathletes. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0210651"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14157","article-title":"Systematic Review: Exercise-induced Gastrointestinal Syndrome\u2014Implications for Health and Intestinal Disease","volume":"46","author":"Costa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.2016-0305","article-title":"Frequency of Chronic Gastrointestinal Distress in Runners: Validity and Reliability of a Retrospective Questionnaire","volume":"27","author":"Wilson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Sport. Nutr. Exerc. Metab."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-014-0153-2","article-title":"Gastrointestinal Complaints during Exercise: Prevalence, Etiology, and Nutritional Recommendations","volume":"44","author":"Burini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoogervorst, D., Van Der Burg, N., Versteegen, J.J., Lambrechtse, K.J., Redegeld, M.I., Cornelissen, L.A.J., and Wardenaar, F.C. (2019). Gastrointestinal Complaints and Correlations with Self-Reported Macronutrient Intake in Independent Groups of (Ultra)Marathon Runners Competing at Different Distances. Sports, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/sports7060140"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2011.04980.x","article-title":"Review Article: The Pathophysiology and Management of Gastrointestinal Symptoms during Physical Exercise, and the Role of Splanchnic Blood Flow","volume":"35","author":"Kolkman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Erdman, K.A., Jones, K.W., Madden, R.F., Gammack, N., and Parnell, J.A. (2021). Dietary Patterns in Runners with Gastrointestinal Disorders. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020448"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2018.1562268","article-title":"Exercise Influence on the Microbiome\u2013Gut\u2013Brain Axis","volume":"10","author":"Dalton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, X., Zhang, Z., Hu, B., Huang, W., Yuan, C., and Zou, L. (2018). Response of Gut Microbiota to Metabolite Changes Induced by Endurance Exercise. Front. Microbiol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00765"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14313","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.14313","article-title":"Rapid Gut Microbiome Changes in a World-class Ultramarathon Runner","volume":"7","author":"Grosicki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physiol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.20-131","article-title":"Intensive, Prolonged Exercise Seemingly Causes Gut Dysbiosis in Female Endurance Runners","volume":"68","author":"Morishima","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.11.035","article-title":"Toward Effective Probiotics for Autism and Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders","volume":"155","author":"Gilbert","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"84","article-title":"Exercise and Immune System as Modulators of Intestinal Microbiome: Implications for the Gut-Muscle Axis Hypothesis","volume":"25","author":"Ticinesi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exerc. Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1249\/JES.0000000000000183","article-title":"Exercise and the Gut Microbiome: A Review of the Evidence, Potential Mechanisms, and Implications for Human Health","volume":"47","author":"Mailing","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exerc. Sport. Sci. Rev."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arag\u00f3n-Vela, J., Solis-Urra, P., Ruiz-Ojeda, F.J., \u00c1lvarez-Mercado, A.I., Olivares-Arancibia, J., and Plaza-Diaz, J. (2021). Impact of Exercise on Gut Microbiota in Obesity. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13113999"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s12970-020-00353-w","article-title":"The Athletic Gut Microbiota","volume":"17","author":"Mohr","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.70474","article-title":"Voluntary Running Exercise Alters Microbiota Composition and Increases N-Butyrate Concentration in the Rat Cecum","volume":"72","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Evans, C.C., LePard, K.J., Kwak, J.W., Stancukas, M.C., Laskowski, S., Dougherty, J., Moulton, L., Glawe, A., Wang, Y., and Leone, V. (2014). Exercise Prevents Weight Gain and Alters the Gut Microbiota in a Mouse Model of High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0092193"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1326-9-36","article-title":"Diet and Exercise Orthogonally Alter the Gut Microbiome and Reveal Independent Associations with Anxiety and Cognition","volume":"9","author":"Kang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petriz, B.A., Castro, A.P., Almeida, J.A., Gomes, C.P., Fernandes, G.R., Kruger, R.H., Pereira, R.W., and Franco, O.L. (2014). Exercise Induction of Gut Microbiota Modifications in Obese, Non-Obese and Hypertensive Rats. BMC Genom., 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-15-511"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2014-0452","article-title":"Exercise Training Modifies Gut Microbiota in Normal and Diabetic Mice","volume":"40","author":"Lambert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Queipo-Ortu\u00f1o, M.I., Seoane, L.M., Murri, M., Pardo, M., Gomez-Zumaquero, J.M., Cardona, F., Casanueva, F., and Tinahones, F.J. (2013). Gut Microbiota Composition in Male Rat Models under Different Nutritional Status and Physical Activity and Its Association with Serum Leptin and Ghrelin Levels. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0065465"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E982","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00537.2015","article-title":"High-Intensity Exercise Training Increases the Diversity and Metabolic Capacity of the Mouse Distal Gut Microbiota during Diet-Induced Obesity","volume":"310","author":"Denou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. -Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mika, A., Van Treuren, W., Gonz\u00e1lez, A., Herrera, J.J., Knight, R., and Fleshner, M. (2015). Exercise Is More Effective at Altering Gut Microbial Composition and Producing Stable Changes in Lean Mass in Juvenile versus Adult Male F344 Rats. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0125889"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bressa, C., Bail\u00e9n-Andrino, M., P\u00e9rez-Santiago, J., Gonz\u00e1lez-Soltero, R., P\u00e9rez, M., Montalvo-Lominchar, M.G., Mat\u00e9-Mu\u00f1oz, J.L., Dom\u00ednguez, R., Moreno, D., and Larrosa, M. (2017). Differences in Gut Microbiota Profile between Women with Active Lifestyle and Sedentary Women. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0171352"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2009.01514.x","article-title":"Diversity, Metabolism and Microbial Ecology of Butyrate-Producing Bacteria from the Human Large Intestine","volume":"294","author":"Louis","year":"2009","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-308778","article-title":"Akkermansia Muciniphila and Improved Metabolic Health during a Dietary Intervention in Obesity: Relationship with Gut Microbiome Richness and Ecology","volume":"65","author":"Dao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2013-306541","article-title":"Exercise and Associated Dietary Extremes Impact on Gut Microbial Diversity","volume":"63","author":"Clarke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.2018-0024","article-title":"Gut Microbiota Composition Is Related to Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Healthy Young Adults","volume":"29","author":"Durk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Sport. Nutr. Exerc. Metab."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Estaki, M., Pither, J., Baumeister, P., Little, J.P., Gill, S.K., Ghosh, S., Ahmadi-Vand, Z., Marsden, K.R., and Gibson, D.L. (2016). Cardiorespiratory Fitness as a Predictor of Intestinal Microbial Diversity and Distinct Metagenomic Functions. Microbiome, 4.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-016-0189-7"},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"625","article-title":"The Microbiome of Professional Athletes Differs from That of More Sedentary Subjects in Composition and Particularly at the Functional Metabolic Level","volume":"67","author":"Barton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001495","article-title":"Exercise Alters Gut Microbiota Composition and Function in Lean and Obese Humans","volume":"50","author":"Allen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00044-18","DOI":"10.1128\/mSystems.00044-18","article-title":"A Prospective Metagenomic and Metabolomic Analysis of the Impact of Exercise and\/or Whey Protein Supplementation on the Gut Microbiome of Sedentary Adults","volume":"3","author":"Cronin","year":"2018","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Munukka, E., Ahtiainen, J.P., Puigb\u00f3, P., Jalkanen, S., Pahkala, K., Keskitalo, A., Kujala, U.M., Pietil\u00e4, S., Hollm\u00e9n, M., and Elo, L. (2018). Six-Week Endurance Exercise Alters Gut Metagenome That Is Not Reflected in Systemic Metabolism in Over-Weight Women. Front. Microbiol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02323"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Castellanos, N., Diez, G.G., Ant\u00fanez-Almagro, C., Bail\u00e9n, M., Bressa, C., Gonz\u00e1lez Soltero, R., P\u00e9rez, M., and Larrosa, M. (2020). A Critical Mutualism\u2014Competition Interplay Underlies the Loss of Microbial Diversity in Sedentary Lifestyle. Front. Microbiol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.03142"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1080\/13813455.2021.1871763","article-title":"A Pilot Study on the Relationship between Lactobacillus, Bifidibactrium Counts and Inflammatory Factors Following Exercise Training","volume":"129","author":"Mahdieh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002112","article-title":"Exercise Training Modulates Gut Microbiota Profile and Improves Endotoxemia","volume":"52","author":"Motiani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3831972","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/3831972","article-title":"Exercise Modifies the Gut Microbiota with Positive Health Effects","volume":"2017","author":"Monda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-020-0459-0","article-title":"Exercise Training Modulates the Gut Microbiota Profile and Impairs Inflammatory Signaling Pathways in Obese Children","volume":"52","author":"Quiroga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670989","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.670989","article-title":"Strenuous Physical Training, Physical Fitness, Body Composition and Bacteroides to Prevotella Ratio in the Gut of Elderly Athletes","volume":"12","author":"Hric","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2016-0646","article-title":"Acute High-Intensity Interval Running Increases Markers of Gastrointestinal Damage and Permeability but Not Gastrointestinal Symptoms","volume":"42","author":"Pugh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sadowska-Kr\u0119pa, E., Rozpara, M., Rzetecki, A., Ba\u0144kowski, S., \u017bebrowska, A., and Pilch, W. (2021). Strenuous 12-h Run Elevates Circulating Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Intestinal Permeability in Middle-Aged Amateur Runners: A Preliminary Study. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0249183"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bycura, D., Santos, A.C., Shiffer, A., Kyman, S., Winfree, K., Sutliffe, J., Pearson, T., Sonderegger, D., Cope, E., and Caporaso, J.G. (2021). Impact of Different Exercise Modalities on the Human Gut Microbiome. Sports, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/sports9020014"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3558","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-82947-1","article-title":"The Effect of Acute Moderate-Intensity Exercise on the Serum and Fecal Metabolomes and the Gut Microbiota of Cross-Country Endurance Athletes","volume":"11","author":"Tabone","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2021.1933199","article-title":"The Influence of Exercise Training Volume Alterations on the Gut Microbiome in Highly-trained Middle-distance Runners","volume":"22","author":"Craven","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Sport Sci."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petersen, L.M., Bautista, E.J., Nguyen, H., Hanson, B.M., Chen, L., Lek, S.H., Sodergren, E., and Weinstock, G.M. (2017). Community Characteristics of the Gut Microbiomes of Competitive Cyclists. Microbiome, 5.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-017-0320-4"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2020.1758009","article-title":"The Composition and Richness of the Gut Microbiota Differentiate the Top Polish Endurance Athletes from Sedentary Controls","volume":"11","author":"Kulecka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2019.04.004","article-title":"Four Men in a Boat: Ultra-Endurance Exercise Alters the Gut Microbiome","volume":"22","author":"Keohane","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Sci. Med. Sport."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.2174\/156652408784533760","article-title":"Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Stress-Induced Intestina Damage","volume":"8","author":"Gareau","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.2174\/1875044301205010047","article-title":"Role of Glutamine in Protection of Intestinal Epithelial Tight Junctions","volume":"5","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Epithel. Biol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-015-0032-x","article-title":"A Systematic Review of the Acute Effects of Exercise on Immune and Inflammatory Indices in Untrained Adults","volume":"1","author":"Brown","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sports Med.-Open"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2007.129841","article-title":"Significance of Increased Human Colonic Permeability in Response to Corticotrophin-Releasing Hormone (CRH)","volume":"57","author":"Ferrier","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2006.117549","article-title":"Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH) Regulates Macromolecular Permeability via Mast Cells in Normal Human Colonic Biopsies in Vitro","volume":"57","author":"Wallon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2012-091585","article-title":"Exercise Regulation of Intestinal Tight Junction Proteins","volume":"48","author":"Zuhl","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/1550-2783-9-45","article-title":"Probiotic Supplementation Affects Markers of Intestinal Barrier, Oxidation, and Inflammation in Trained Men; a Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial","volume":"9","author":"Lamprecht","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.28.5.583","article-title":"Effects of Exercise on Mesenteric Blood Flow in Man","volume":"28","author":"Qamar","year":"1987","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E101","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2008-1339","article-title":"Stress-Induced Gastrointestinal Barrier Dysfunction and Its Inflammatory Effects1","volume":"87","author":"Lambert","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0980047","article-title":"Relationship between Gastro-Intestinal Complaints and Endotoxaemia, Cytokine Release and the Acute-Phase Reaction during and after a Long-Distance Triathlon in Highly Trained Men","volume":"98","author":"Jeukendrup","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G155","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00066.2012","article-title":"Physiology and Pathophysiology of Splanchnic Hypoperfusion and Intestinal Injury during Exercise: Strategies for Evaluation and Prevention","volume":"303","author":"Lenaerts","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.-Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Holland, A.M., Hyatt, H.W., Smuder, A.J., Sollanek, K.J., Morton, A.B., Roberts, M.D., and Kavazis, A.N. (2015). Influence of Endurance Exercise Training on Antioxidant Enzymes, Tight Junction Proteins, and Inflammatory Markers in the Rat Ileum. BMC Res. Notes, 8.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-015-1500-6"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1988.65.1.106","article-title":"Strenuous Exercise Causes Systemic Endotoxemia","volume":"65","author":"Bosenberg","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2005.03.005","article-title":"Heat Stress, Cytokines, and the Immune Response to Exercise","volume":"19","author":"Starkie","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00008.2007","article-title":"Immune Function in Sport and Exercise","volume":"103","author":"Gleeson","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_72","first-page":"533","article-title":"Endotoxaemia in Exhausted Runners after a Long-Distance Race","volume":"73","author":"Gaffin","year":"1988","journal-title":"S Afr. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2013.10.018","article-title":"Regulation of an Antioxidant Blend on Intestinal Redox Status and Major Microbiota in Early Weaned Piglets","volume":"30","author":"Xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593.1","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.29.1_supplement.593.1","article-title":"HYDRAGUT Study: Influence of HYDRAtion Status on the GUT Microbiota and Their Impact on the Immune System","volume":"29","author":"Gheorghe","year":"2015","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1817","article-title":"Polysaccharide Utilization by Gut Bacteria: Potential for New Insights from Genomic Analysis","volume":"6","author":"Flint","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-309990","article-title":"The Gut Microbiota and Host Health: A New Clinical Frontier","volume":"65","author":"Marchesi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-012510-175505","article-title":"Interactions Between Gut Microbiota and Host Metabolism Predisposing to Obesity and Diabetes","volume":"62","author":"Musso","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Med."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01077.2014","article-title":"Voluntary and Forced Exercise Differentially Alters the Gut Microbiome in C57BL\/6J Mice","volume":"118","author":"Allen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2013.05.005","article-title":"Forced Treadmill Exercise Training Exacerbates Inflammation and Causes Mortality While Voluntary Wheel Training Is Protective in a Mouse Model of Colitis","volume":"33","author":"Cook","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.113.183186","article-title":"L-Arginine Supplementation Prevents Increases in Intestinal Permeability and Bacterial Translocation in Male Swiss Mice Subjected to Physical Exercise under Environmental Heat Stress","volume":"144","author":"Costa","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2325","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R036012","article-title":"The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in the Interplay between Diet, Gut Microbiota, and Host Energy Metabolism","volume":"54","author":"Groen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162021","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/162021","article-title":"Evidence for the Gut Microbiota Short-Chain Fatty Acids as Key Pathophysiological Molecules Improving Diabetes","volume":"2014","author":"Puddu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v17.i12.1519","article-title":"Potential Beneficial Effects of Butyrate in Intestinal and Extraintestinal Diseases","volume":"17","author":"Canani","year":"2011","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1223813","article-title":"Host-Gut Microbiota Metabolic Interactions","volume":"336","author":"Nicholson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2647","article-title":"Neural Regulation of Endocrine and Autonomic Stress Responses","volume":"10","author":"Herman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, Y., Mihindukulasuriya, K.A., Gao, H., La Rosa, P.S., Wylie, K.M., Martin, J.C., Kota, K., Shannon, W.D., Mitreva, M., and Sodergren, E. (2014). Exploration of Bacterial Community Classes in Major Human Habitats. Genome Biol., 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2014-15-5-r66"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosenberg, E., DeLong, E.F., Lory, S., Stackebrandt, E., and Thompson, F. (2014). The Prokaryotes, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-30138-4"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0485-4","article-title":"Meta-Omics Analysis of Elite Athletes Identifies a Performance-Enhancing Microbe That Functions via Lactate Metabolism","volume":"25","author":"Scheiman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1139\/m73-116","article-title":"Carbon Dioxide Fixation by Veillonella Parvula M 4 and Its Relation to Propionic Acid Formation","volume":"19","author":"Ng","year":"1973","journal-title":"Can. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110830","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2022.110830","article-title":"Resilience of the Intestinal Microbiota of a Professional Athlete in an Ultraendurance Performance: Which Factors Must Be Considered?","volume":"162","author":"Bertuccioli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-019-0291-6","article-title":"Microbiota and Muscle Highway\u2014Two Way Traffic","volume":"16","author":"Hawley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13935","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.13935","article-title":"Effects of Short-term Endurance Exercise on Gut Microbiota in Elderly Men","volume":"6","author":"Taniguchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-017-0722-5","article-title":"Microbial Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Blood Pressure Regulation","volume":"19","author":"Pluznick","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Hypertens. Rep."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morita, E., Yokoyama, H., Imai, D., Takeda, R., Ota, A., Kawai, E., Hisada, T., Emoto, M., Suzuki, Y., and Okazaki, K. (2019). Aerobic Exercise Training with Brisk Walking Increases Intestinal Bacteroides in Healthy Elderly Women. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11040868"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1038\/4441022a","article-title":"Human Gut Microbes Associated with Obesity","volume":"444","author":"Ley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114510000176","article-title":"Gut Microbiota Composition Is Associated with Body Weight, Weight Gain and Biochemical Parameters in Pregnant Women","volume":"104","author":"Santacruz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abenavoli, L., Scarpellini, E., Colica, C., Boccuto, L., Salehi, B., Sharifi-Rad, J., Aiello, V., Romano, B., De Lorenzo, A., and Izzo, A.A. (2019). Gut Microbiota and Obesity: A Role for Probiotics. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11112690"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2019.11.001","article-title":"Gut Microbiome Fermentation Determines the Efficacy of Exercise for Diabetes Prevention","volume":"31","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-019-0440-y","article-title":"Structured Exercise Alters the Gut Microbiota in Humans with Overweight and Obesity\u2014A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"44","author":"Kern","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.3233\/MNM-140008","article-title":"The Mediterranean Diet in the Era of Globalization: The Need to Support Knowledge of Healthy Dietary Factors in the New Socio-Economical Framework","volume":"7","author":"Bertuccioli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mediterr. J. Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12970-019-0268-9","article-title":"Effect of a Short-Term Low Fermentable Oligiosaccharide, Disaccharide, Monosaccharide and Polyol (FODMAP) Diet on Exercise-Related Gastrointestinal Symptoms","volume":"16","author":"Wiffin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marttinen, M., Ala-Jaakkola, R., Laitila, A., and Lehtinen, M.J. (2020). Gut Microbiota, Probiotics and Physical Performance in Athletes and Physically Active Individuals. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12102936"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/s12970-019-0329-0","article-title":"International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Probiotics","volume":"16","author":"Mohr","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr."},{"key":"ref_104","first-page":"117","article-title":"Impact of a Two-Bacterial-Strain Formula, Containing Bifidobacterium Animalis Lactis BB-12 and Enterococcus Faecium L3, Administered before and after Therapy for Helicobacter Pylori Eradication","volume":"66","author":"Bertuccioli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Minerva Gastroenterol. Dietol."},{"key":"ref_105","first-page":"259","article-title":"Effects of Rifaximin-Resistant Bifidobacterium Longum W11 in Subjects with Symptomatic Uncomplicated Diverticular Disease Treated with Rifaximin","volume":"65","author":"Bertuccioli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Minerva Gastroenterol. Dietol."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Pierro, F., Iqtadar, S., Mumtaz, S.U., Bertuccioli, A., Recchia, M., Zerbinati, N., and Khan, A. (2022). Clinical Effects of Streptococcus Salivarius K12 in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: Results of a Preliminary Study. Microorganisms, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10101926"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611300","DOI":"10.3389\/pore.2023.1611300","article-title":"Influence of the microbiota on the effectiveness and toxicity of oncological therapies, with a focus on chemotherapy","volume":"29","author":"Cazzaniga","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathol. Oncol. Res."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cazzaniga, M., Cardinali, M., Di Pierro, F., Zonzini, G.B., Palazzi, C.M., Gregoretti, A., Zerbinati, N., Guasti, L., and Bertuccioli, A. (2024). The Potential Role of Probiotics, Especially Butyrate Producers, in the Management of Gastrointestinal Mucositis Induced by Oncologic Chemo-Radiotherapy. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25042306"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-013-2748-y","article-title":"Effects of Probiotics Supplementation on Gastrointestinal Permeability, Inflammation and Exercise Performance in the Heat","volume":"114","author":"Shing","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bertuccioli, A., Cardinali, M., Biagi, M., Moricoli, S., Morganti, I., Zonzini, G.B., and Rigillo, G. (2021). Nutraceuticals and Herbal Food Supplements for Weight Loss: Is There a Prebiotic Role in the Mechanism of Action?. Microorganisms, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9122427"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2021.10.003","article-title":"Interactions between Gut Microbiota and Berberine, a Necessary Procedure to Understand the Mechanisms of Berberine","volume":"12","author":"Cheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Anal."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s12970-019-0290-y","article-title":"The Combination of Sport and Sport-Specific Diet Is Associated with Characteristics of Gut Microbiota: An Observational Study","volume":"16","author":"Jang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cazzaniga, M., Zonzini, G.B., Di Pierro, F., Moricoli, S., and Bertuccioli, A. (2022). Gut Microbiota, Metabolic Disorders and Breast Cancer: Could Berberine Turn Out to Be a Transversal Nutraceutical Tool? A Narrative Analysis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232012538"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187718","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1187718","article-title":"Berberine Influences Multiple Diseases by Modifying Gut Microbiota","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_115","first-page":"29","article-title":"Role of a Berberine-Based Nutritional Supplement in Reducing Diarrhea in Subjects with Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders","volume":"66","author":"Bertuccioli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Minerva Gastroenterol. Dietol."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908077","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.908077","article-title":"Review of the Effects and Mechanism of Curcumin in the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"13","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Meo, F., Margarucci, S., Galderisi, U., Crispi, S., and Peluso, G. (2019). Curcumin, Gut Microbiota, and Neuroprotection. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11102426"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, L., Wu, X., Yang, R., Chen, F., Liao, Y., Zhu, Z., Wu, Z., Sun, X., and Wang, L. (2020). Effects of Berberine on the Gastrointestinal Microbiota. Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.588517"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1159\/000468988","article-title":"Antioxidant Supplements and Gastrointestinal Diseases: A Critical Appraisal","volume":"26","author":"Khan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med. Princ. Pract."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, Z., Huang, S., Li, T., Li, N., Han, D., Zhang, B., Xu, Z.Z., Zhang, S., Pang, J., and Wang, S. (2021). Gut Microbiota from Green Tea Polyphenol-Dosed Mice Improves Intestinal Epithelial Homeostasis and Ameliorates Experimental Colitis. Microbiome, 9.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-021-01115-9"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suther, C., Daddi, L., Bokoliya, S., Panier, H., Liu, Z., Lin, Q., Han, Y., Chen, K., Moore, M.D., and Zhou, Y. (2022). Dietary Boswellia Serrata Acid Alters the Gut Microbiome and Blood Metabolites in Experimental Models. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14040814"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giacosa, A., Riva, A., Petrangolini, G., Allegrini, P., Fazia, T., Bernardinelli, L., Peroni, G., and Rondanelli, M. (2022). Beneficial Effects on Abdominal Bloating with an Innovative Food-Grade Formulation of Curcuma Longa and Boswellia Serrata Extracts in Subjects with Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Small Bowel Dysbiosis. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14030416"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1080\/1828051X.2021.1875336","article-title":"Impacts of Dietary Supplementation of Boswellia Serrata on Growth, Nutrients Digestibility, Immunity, Antioxidant Status, Carcase Traits and Caecum Microbiota of Broilers","volume":"20","author":"Mohamed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ital. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davila, M.M., and Papada, E. (2023). The Role of Plant-Derived Natural Products in the Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease\u2014What Is the Clinical Evidence So Far?. Life, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/life13081703"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092342","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1092342","article-title":"The Role of Intestinal Microbiota and microRNAs in the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Cranberry: From Pre-Clinical to Clinical Studies","volume":"10","author":"Taibi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alasalvar, C., Chang, S.K., Kris-Etherton, P.M., Sullivan, V.K., Petersen, K.S., Guasch-Ferr\u00e9, M., and Jenkins, D.J.A. (2023). Dried Fruits: Bioactives, Effects on Gut Microbiota, and Possible Health Benefits\u2014An Update. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15071611"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759S","DOI":"10.3945\/an.116.012583","article-title":"Impact of Cranberries on Gut Microbiota and Cardiometabolic Health: Proceedings of the Cranberry Health Research Conference 2015","volume":"7","author":"Blumberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."}],"container-title":["Microorganisms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/12\/4\/804\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:28:52Z","timestamp":1760106532000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/12\/4\/804"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]]},"references-count":127,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["microorganisms12040804"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms12040804","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2607"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2607","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]]}}}