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These organisms are able to infect and replicate within the placenta, resulting in abortion, one of the main clinical signs of brucellosis. Although the mouse model is widely used to study Brucella virulence and, more recently, to evaluate the protection of new vaccines, there is no clear consensus on the experimental conditions (e.g., mouse strains, doses, routes of inoculation, infection\/pregnancy time) and the natural host reproducibility of the pregnant mouse model for reproductive brucellosis. This lack of consensus calls for a review that integrates the major findings regarding the effect of Brucella wild-type and vaccine strains infections on mouse pregnancy. We found sufficient evidence on the utility of the pregnant mouse model to study Brucella-induced placentitis and abortion and propose suitable experimental conditions (dose, time of infection) and pregnancy outcome readouts for B. abortus and B. melitensis studies. Finally, we discuss the utility and limitations of the pregnant mouse as a predictive model for the abortifacient effect of live Brucella vaccines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12050866","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T10:56:32Z","timestamp":1714128992000},"page":"866","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A Review on the Methodology and Use of the Pregnant Mouse Model in the Study of Brucella Reproductive Pathogenesis and Its Abortifacient Effect"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3836-9650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aitor","family":"Elizalde-Bielsa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pilar M.","family":"Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y Tecnolog\u00eda Agroalimentaria de Arag\u00f3n (CITA), 50059 Zaragoza, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto Agroalimentario de Arag\u00f3n\u2014IA2, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7865-8994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amaia","family":"Z\u00fa\u00f1iga-Ripa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0046-3577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel","family":"Conde-\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(02)00210-9","article-title":"Brucella Evolution and Taxonomy","volume":"90","author":"Moreno","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet. 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