{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T17:29:18Z","timestamp":1785000558914,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]],"date-time":"2024-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health with \u201cCurrent Research funds\u201d"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>One of the most promising areas of research in palaeomicrobiology is the study of the human microbiome. In particular, ancient dental calculus helps to reconstruct a substantial share of oral microbiome composition by mapping together human evolution with its state of health\/oral disease. This review aims to trace microbial characteristics in ancient dental calculus to describe the evolution of the human host-oral microbiome relationship in oral health or disease in children and adults. Following the PRISMA-Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines, the main scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus, Lilacs, Cochrane Library) have been drawn upon. Eligibility criteria were established, and all the data collected on a purpose-oriented collection form were analysed descriptively. From the initial 340 records, only 19 studies were deemed comprehensive enough for the purpose of this review. The knowledge of the composition of ancient oral microbiomes has broadened over the past few years thanks to increasingly well-performing decontamination protocols and additional analytical avenues. Above all, metagenomic sequencing, also implemented by state-of-the-art bioinformatics tools, allows for the determination of the qualitative-quantitative composition of microbial species associated with health status and caries\/periodontal disease. Some microbial species, especially periodontal pathogens, do not appear to have changed in history, while others that support caries disease or oral health could be connected to human evolution through lifestyle and environmental contributing factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12050902","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]],"date-time":"2024-05-02T08:42:57Z","timestamp":1714639377000},"page":"902","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Journey into the Evolution of Human Host-Oral Microbiome Relationship through Ancient Dental Calculus: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5278-145X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Putrino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dentistry Unit, Management Innovations, Diagnostics and Clinical Pathways, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7104-8744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrico","family":"Marinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Galeotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dentistry Unit, Management Innovations, Diagnostics and Clinical Pathways, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"U.N.-E.U. INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH PROJECT ON HUMAN HEALTH-ORAL HEALTH SECTION, 1200 G\u00e9neve, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1723-106X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianmaria Fabrizio","family":"Ferrazzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.N.-E.U. INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH PROJECT ON HUMAN HEALTH-ORAL HEALTH SECTION, 1200 G\u00e9neve, Switzerland"},{"name":"UNESCO Chair in Health Education and Sustainable Development, Dentistry Section, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80138 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"East-Asian-Pacific International Academic Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Cirib\u00e8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dentistry Unit, Management Innovations, Diagnostics and Clinical Pathways, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5741-7139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona","family":"Zaami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dhami, N.K., Greenwood, P.F., Poropat, S.F., Tripp, M., Elson, A., Vijay, H., Brosnan, L., Holman, A.I., Campbell, M., and Hopper, P. 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