{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T19:27:57Z","timestamp":1775762877173,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FAPEMIG","award":["APQ-01378-12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APQ-01378-12"]}]},{"name":"FAPEMIG","award":["APQ-01880-14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APQ-01880-14"]}]},{"name":"FAPEMIG","award":["474665\/2012-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["474665\/2012-7"]}]},{"name":"FAPEMIG","award":["303022\/2013\u20132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["303022\/2013\u20132"]}]},{"name":"FAPEMIG","award":["301507\/2017-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["301507\/2017-1"]}]},{"name":"CNPq","award":["APQ-01378-12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APQ-01378-12"]}]},{"name":"CNPq","award":["APQ-01880-14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APQ-01880-14"]}]},{"name":"CNPq","award":["474665\/2012-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["474665\/2012-7"]}]},{"name":"CNPq","award":["303022\/2013\u20132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["303022\/2013\u20132"]}]},{"name":"CNPq","award":["301507\/2017-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["301507\/2017-1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We studied some fibrotic aspects of chronic interstitial pneumonitis in the lungs of dogs infected with Leishmania infantum. The lungs of eleven naturally infected dogs, twelve experimentally infected with two distinct strains of L. infantum (BH401 and BH46), and six uninfected (controls) dogs, were analyzed by histological, parasitological, and immunohistochemical studies. Conventional histology (HE), collagen deposition (Gomori\u2019s silver staining for reticulin collagen fibers), and immunohistochemistry for myofibroblast characterization were carried out based on the cellular expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin, vimentin, cytokeratin, E-cadherin, snail antigen homologue 1 (SNAI1) (Snail), and the cytokine expression of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-\u03b2). Parasitological screening was carried out using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the immunohistochemical reaction of streptavidin\u2013peroxidase for visualizing Leishmania amastigotes. Dogs naturally infected with L. infantum and experimentally infected with L. infantum BH401 strains showed intense interstitial pneumonitis characterized by thickening of the alveolar septa as a consequence of an intense diffuse and focal (plaques) chronic exudate of mononuclear cells associated with fibrogenesis. The expression of alpha-actin, vimentin, and TGF-\u03b2 was higher in the lung interstitium of all infected dogs than in the other two groups (BH46 strain and controls). Moreover, in both the naturally and experimentally infected dog (BH401 strain) groups, the expression of Snail was moderate to intense in contrast to the other groups. Based on these immunohistochemical results, we concluded that mesenchymal cells are active in promoting changes in the extracellular matrix in the lungs of dogs naturally and experimentally infected with L. infantum, but it depends on the virulence of the parasite.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12050941","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T03:37:42Z","timestamp":1715053062000},"page":"941","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis: A Histological and Immunohistochemical Study of Fibropoiesis in Chronic Interstitial Pneumonitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Frederico C.","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmento de Patologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Av. Ant\u00f4nio Carlos, Belo Horizonte 6627, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramon de Alencar","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmento de Patologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Av. Ant\u00f4nio Carlos, Belo Horizonte 6627, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriano Francisco","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmento de Patologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Av. Ant\u00f4nio Carlos, Belo Horizonte 6627, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aldair Pinto Woyames","family":"Junio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmento de Patologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Av. Ant\u00f4nio Carlos, Belo Horizonte 6627, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4713-575X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo T.","family":"Fujiwara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Av. Ant\u00f4nio Carlos, Belo Horizonte 6627, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Mosser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helida Monteiro","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Av. Ant\u00f4nio Carlos, Belo Horizonte 6627, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geovanni D.","family":"Cassali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmento de Patologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Av. Ant\u00f4nio Carlos, Belo Horizonte 6627, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1835-0303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enio","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmento de Patologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Av. Ant\u00f4nio Carlos, Belo Horizonte 6627, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wagner Luiz","family":"Tafuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmento de Patologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Av. Ant\u00f4nio Carlos, Belo Horizonte 6627, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(84)90242-6","article-title":"Histopathological and ultrastructural apects of interstitial pneumonitis of experimental visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"78","author":"Duarte","year":"1984","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(89)90712-8","article-title":"Interstitial pneumonitis in human visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"83","author":"Duarte","year":"1989","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. 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