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Accumulating evidence in recent years pointing to the bidirectional interactions between gut dysbiosis and the development of a specific type of gastrointestinal cancer is shedding light on the importance of this \u201cunseen organ\u201d\u2014the microbiota. This review focuses on the local role of the gut microbiota imbalance in different digestive tract organs and annexes related to the carcinogenic mechanisms. Microbiota modulation, either by probiotic administration or by dietary changes, plays an important role in the future therapies of various digestive cancers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12050955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]],"date-time":"2024-05-08T13:20:24Z","timestamp":1715174424000},"page":"955","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Friend or Foe: Exploring the Relationship between the Gut Microbiota and the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Digestive Cancers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7596-7330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica","family":"Profir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Elias University Emergency Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Morphological Sciences, Cell and Molecular Biology and Histology, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oana","family":"Ro\u015fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Elias University Emergency Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2575-4880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanda","family":"Cre\u0163oiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphological Sciences, Cell and Molecular Biology and Histology, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0056-0740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bogdan","family":"Gaspar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Surgery Clinic, Emergency Clinical Hospital of Bucharest, 014461 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.02.068","article-title":"Global Burden of 5 Major Types of Gastrointestinal Cancer","volume":"159","author":"Arnold","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e457","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30411-4","article-title":"Physical activity, sedentary behaviour, diet, and cancer: An update and emerging new evidence","volume":"18","author":"Kerr","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsilimigras, M.C., Fodor, A., and Jobin, C. 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