{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T16:44:31Z","timestamp":1788281071396,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"INEBIR","award":["2022\/00000333"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022\/00000333"]}]},{"name":"Universidad de Sevilla","award":["2022\/00000333"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022\/00000333"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The microbiota is in symbiosis with the human body as a holobiont. Infertility conditions affect the female reproductive tract (FRT) and its resident microbiota. However, a disturbance in homeostasis could influence the FRT and other distal body sites, such as the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). We included 21 patients with endometriosis and other infertility-associated diseases with clinical profiles and biological samples from the FRT (endometrium, endometrial fluid, and vagina), and GIT samples (oral and feces). We performed a 16S rRNA analysis of site-specific microbial communities and estimated diversity metrics. The study found body site-specific microbial patterns in the FRT\u2013GIT. In both study groups, Lactobacillus was the most shared Amplicon Sequence Variant (ASV), a precise identifier of microbial sequences, between endometrial and vagina samples. However, shared Gardnerella and Enterobacteriaceae ASVs were linked to other conditions but not endometriosis. Remarkably, Haemophilus was a specific GIT-shared taxon in endometriosis cases. In conclusion, infertility influences distinctly the FRT and GIT microbiomes, with endometriosis showing unique microbial characteristics. We proposed the concept of \u2018female holobiont\u2019 as a community that comprises the host and microbes that must maintain overall homeostasis across all body sites to ensure a woman\u2019s health. Insights into these microbial patterns not only advance our understanding of the pathophysiology of infertility but also open new avenues for developing microbe-based therapeutic interventions aimed at restoring microbial balance, thereby enhancing fertility prospects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12050989","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]],"date-time":"2024-05-15T06:59:32Z","timestamp":1715756372000},"page":"989","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Distinct Gastrointestinal and Reproductive Microbial Patterns in Female Holobiont of Infertility"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ana T.","family":"Marcos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Gen\u00e9tica, INEBIR (Instituto para el Estudio de la Biolog\u00eda de la Reproducci\u00f3n Humana), 41001 Sevilla, Spain"},{"name":"C\u00e1tedra de Reproducci\u00f3n y Gen\u00e9tica Humana, INEBIR\/Universidad Europea del Atl\u00e1ntico (UNEATLANTICO), 39011 Santander, Spain"},{"name":"FUNIBER (Fundaci\u00f3n Universitaria Iberoamericana), 08005 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Hospital San Juan de Dios, 41005 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria J.","family":"Rus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Estomatolog\u00eda, Facultad de Odontolog\u00eda, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6207-8880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria","family":"Areal-Quecuty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Estomatolog\u00eda, Facultad de Odontolog\u00eda, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3656-6834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aurea","family":"Simon-Soro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Estomatolog\u00eda, Facultad de Odontolog\u00eda, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel","family":"Navarro-Pando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Gen\u00e9tica, INEBIR (Instituto para el Estudio de la Biolog\u00eda de la Reproducci\u00f3n Humana), 41001 Sevilla, Spain"},{"name":"C\u00e1tedra de Reproducci\u00f3n y Gen\u00e9tica Humana, INEBIR\/Universidad Europea del Atl\u00e1ntico (UNEATLANTICO), 39011 Santander, Spain"},{"name":"FUNIBER (Fundaci\u00f3n Universitaria Iberoamericana), 08005 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Hospital San Juan de Dios, 41005 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Simon, J.-C., Marchesi, J.R., Mougel, C., and Selosse, M.-A. 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