{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:56:43Z","timestamp":1787029003875,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717113600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cetaceans, which are crucial in marine ecosystems, act as sentinels for ecosystem and human\u2013environmental health. However, emerging fungal infections, particularly by Candida spp., pose a growing concern in these marine mammals. This review consolidates current knowledge on the prevalence, clinical manifestations, species distribution, and antifungal resistance of Candida infections in cetaceans. We detail the diverse pathogenic impacts of Candida, including respiratory, dermal, and systemic afflictions, underscoring diagnostic and treatment challenges amid rising antifungal resistance. Our analysis extends beyond health concerns in captive cetaceans, where confinement stress heightens vulnerability, to encompass substantial ecological risks in wild populations. The review emphasizes the One Health perspective, linking cetacean health with broader environmental and human public health issues. We particularly focus on the potential zoonotic transmission of emerging fungal pathogens such as Candida auris and the role of environmental changes in fostering antifungal resistance. The study underscores the need for concerted, interdisciplinary efforts in veterinary, medical, and environmental sciences to enhance understanding and management of Candida infections in cetaceans. We advocate for comprehensive monitoring and collaborative research initiatives to mitigate the rising challenge of these infections. Addressing Candida spp. in cetaceans is not just a conservation priority but a critical step in safeguarding overall marine health and, by extension, human health in the context of evolving infectious diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12061128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T11:43:48Z","timestamp":1717155828000},"page":"1128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Candida spp. in Cetaceans: Neglected Emerging Challenges in Marine Ecosystems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Victor","family":"Garcia-Bustos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Arucas, Spain"},{"name":"Severe Infection Research Group, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0061-6900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inmaculada","family":"Rosario Medina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Arucas, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta Dafne","family":"Caba\u00f1ero Naval\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Severe Infection Research Group, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1730-9947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alba Cecilia","family":"Ruiz Gait\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Severe Infection Research Group, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Pem\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Severe Infection Research Group, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0397-4244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bego\u00f1a","family":"Acosta-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Arucas, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.3354\/meps158267","article-title":"Role of marine mammals in aquatic ecosystems","volume":"158","author":"Bowen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mar. 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