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However, because of large litter size, low birth weight always happens. This experiment used this breed as a model to research bacterial evidence leading to growth restriction and provide a possible solution linked to probiotics. In this experiment, the differences in organs indexes, colonic morphology, short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations, microbiome, and transcriptome were detected between piglets in the standard-birth-weight group (SG) and low-birth-weight group (LG) to find potential evidence leading to low birth weight. We found that LG piglets had a lower liver index (p &lt; 0.05), deeper colonic crypt depth (p &lt; 0.05), fewer goblet cells (p &lt; 0.05), and more inflammatory factor infiltration. In addition, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly enriched in B-cell immunity and glucose metabolism, and LG piglets had lower concentrations of SCFAs, especially butyrate and isobutyrate (p &lt; 0.05). Finally, most of the significantly differentially abundant microbes were fewer in LG piglets, which affected DEG expressions and SCFA concentrations further resulting in worse energy metabolism and immunity. In conclusion, colonic disrupted microbiota may cause worse glucose metabolism, immunity, and SCFA production in LG piglets, and beneficial microbes colonized in SG piglets may benefit these harmful changes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12071371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]],"date-time":"2024-07-05T03:48:56Z","timestamp":1720151336000},"page":"1371","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Disrupted Microbiota of Colon Results in Worse Immunity and Metabolism in Low-Birth-Weight Jinhua Newborn Piglets"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8903-6663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiaheng","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinhua 321011, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Li\u00e8ge University, Passage des D\u00e9port\u00e9s 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeou","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfeld, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangfang","family":"Lou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinhua 321011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinhua 321011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiujun","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengzeng","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xujin","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinhua 321011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pingguang","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinhua 321011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7436-5593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0494-6699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruqing","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xizhong","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinhua 321011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongfu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, 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