{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T15:44:32Z","timestamp":1768751072699,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]],"date-time":"2024-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000933","name":"Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RnD4Profit-15-02-008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RnD4Profit-15-02-008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000933","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"AgriFutures Australia (Rural Industries Research Development Corp)","award":["RnD4Profit-15-02-008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RnD4Profit-15-02-008"]}]},{"name":"NSW National Parks","award":["RnD4Profit-15-02-008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RnD4Profit-15-02-008"]}]},{"name":"Wildlife Service","award":["RnD4Profit-15-02-008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RnD4Profit-15-02-008"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Macropods are often implicated as the main native Australian reservoir hosts of Coxiella burnetii (Q fever); however, the maintenance and transmission capacity of these species are poorly understood. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to describe the epidemiology of C. burnetii in a high-density population of eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) in a peri-urban coastal nature reserve in New South Wales, Australia. Blood, faeces and swabs were collected from forty kangaroos as part of a population health assessment. Frozen and formalin-fixed tissues were also collected from 12 kangaroos euthanised on welfare grounds. Specimens were tested for C. burnetii using PCR, serology, histopathology and immunohistochemistry. A total of 33\/40 kangaroos were seropositive by immunofluorescence assay (estimated true seroprevalence 84%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 69% to 93%), with evidence of rising titres in two animals that had been tested four years earlier. The PCR prevalence was 65% (95% CI 48% to 79%), with positive detection in most sample types. There was no evidence of pathology consistent with C. burnetii, and immunohistochemistry of PCR-positive tissues was negative. These findings indicate that kangaroos are competent maintenance hosts of C. burnetii, likely forming a significant part of its animal reservoir at the study site.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12071477","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]],"date-time":"2024-07-19T13:12:57Z","timestamp":1721394777000},"page":"1477","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Characterising Eastern Grey Kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) as Hosts of Coxiella burnetii"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5938-3013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anita","family":"Tolpinrud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Asia Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Dobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asia Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0174-0898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine A.","family":"Herbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachael","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5465-2926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Stenos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Rickettsial Reference Laboratory, University Hospital Geelong, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9042-8753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne-Lise","family":"Chaber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanne M.","family":"Devlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asia Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Stevenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asia Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0812.010317","article-title":"Identifying reservoirs of infection: A conceptual and practical challenge","volume":"8","author":"Haydon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Emerg. 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