{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T01:25:39Z","timestamp":1790645139047,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,27]],"date-time":"2024-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32202725"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32202725"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202205410410629"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202205410410629"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["B16044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B16044"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Chr. Hansen A\/S","award":["32202725"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32202725"]}]},{"name":"Chr. Hansen A\/S","award":["202205410410629"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202205410410629"]}]},{"name":"Chr. Hansen A\/S","award":["B16044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B16044"]}]},{"name":"research on low carbon feeding and feed substitution","award":["32202725"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32202725"]}]},{"name":"research on low carbon feeding and feed substitution","award":["202205410410629"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202205410410629"]}]},{"name":"research on low carbon feeding and feed substitution","award":["B16044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B16044"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013314","name":"Quzhou Sanyiyi Ecological Agriculture Co., Ltd.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32202725"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32202725"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013314","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013314","name":"Quzhou Sanyiyi Ecological Agriculture Co., Ltd.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202205410410629"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202205410410629"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013314","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013314","name":"Quzhou Sanyiyi Ecological Agriculture Co., Ltd.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["B16044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B16044"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013314","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Probiotics provide health benefits and are used as feed supplements as an alternative prophylactic strategy to antibiotics. However, the effects of Bacillus-based probiotics containing more than two strains when supplemented to pigs are rarely elucidated. SOLVENS (SLV) is a triple-strain Bacillus-based probiotic. In this study, we investigate the effects of SLV on performance, immunity, intestinal morphology, and microbial community in piglets. A total of 480 weaned pigs [initial body weight (BW) of 8.13 \u00b1 0.08 kg and 28 days of age] were assigned to three treatments in a randomized complete block design: P0: basal diet (CON); P200: CON + 200 mg SLV per kg feed (6.5 \u00d7 108 CFU\/kg feed); and P400: CON + 400 mg SLV per kg feed (1.3 \u00d7 109 CFU\/kg feed). Each treatment had 20 replicated pens with eight pigs (four male\/four female) per pen. During the 31 d feeding period (Phase 1 = wean to d 14, Phase 2 = d 15 to 31 after weaning), all pigs were housed in a temperature-controlled nursery room (23 to 25 \u00b0C). Feed and water were available ad libitum. The results showed that the pigs in the P400 group increased (p &lt; 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) in phase 2 and tended (p = 0.10) to increase ADG overall. The pigs in the P200 and P400 groups tended (p = 0.10) to show improved feed conversion ratios overall in comparison with control pigs. The pigs in the P200 and P400 groups increased (p &lt; 0.05) serum immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G, and haptoglobin on d 14, and serum C-reactive protein on d 31. The pigs in the P200 group showed an increased (p &lt; 0.01) villus height at the jejunum, decreased (p &lt; 0.05) crypt depth at the ileum compared with other treatments, and tended (p = 0.09) to have an increased villus\u2013crypt ratio at the jejunum compared with control pigs. The pigs in the P200 and P400 groups showed increased (p &lt; 0.05) goblet cells in the small intestine. Moreover, the pigs in the P400 group showed down-regulated (p &lt; 0.05) interleukin-4 and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 gene expressions, whereas the pigs in the P400 group showed up-regulated occludin gene expression in the ileum. These findings suggest that SLV alleviates immunological reactions, improves intestinal microbiota balance, and reduces weaning stress in piglets. Therefore, SOLVENS has the potential to improve health and performance for piglets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12081536","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]],"date-time":"2024-07-29T07:54:03Z","timestamp":1722239643000},"page":"1536","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Dietary Triple-Strain Bacillus-Based Probiotic Supplementation Improves Performance, Immune Function, Intestinal Morphology, and Microbial Community in Weaned Pigs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9757-0246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Xue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shenfei","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Can","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2039-410X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lea H\u00fcbertz Birch","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chr. Hansen A\/S, Animal and Plant Health & Nutrition, 2970 Hoersholm, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5437-4223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongshuai","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chr. Hansen A\/S, Animal and Plant Health & Nutrition, 2970 Hoersholm, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1613-6119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianjun","family":"Zang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangshu","family":"Piao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Beijing Jingwa Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center, Beijing 101206, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"St-Pierre, B., Perez Palencia, J.Y., and Samuel, R.S. 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