{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T15:14:37Z","timestamp":1784646877580,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"BIOMIN America Inc.","award":["BIOMIN CI-00001867"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BIOMIN CI-00001867"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO) lameness is a major welfare issue for broiler production worldwide affecting approximately 1.5% of broilers over 42 days old. Excessive body weight gain causes mechanical stress on long bones, leading to micro-fractures. This condition induces a bacterial infection of fractures, resulting in bone necrosis and eventual BCO lameness. Increasing gut integrity and supporting Calcium metabolism contribute to the optimal bone structure and subsequently reduce BCO lameness. Probiotics thus provide an excellent strategy for alleviating BCO due to the improvement of intestinal integrity and barrier function. Accordingly, the present study investigated the lameness reduction through the feed supplementation of a selected probiotic. Broiler chickens were assigned to three treatments, including a control litter group (FL), a PoultryStar\u00aeBro probiotic fed group (BRO), and a control wire-flooring group (CW) designed to induce BCO lameness. The probiotic significantly decreased lameness by 46% compared to the control group (p &lt; 0.05). The most predominant bacteria identified from the BCO lesions were Staphylococcus cohnii and Staphylococcus lentus. Moreover, significant increments of tight junction gene expression in jejunum and ileum, plus numerical improvements of body weight gain (BW; +360 g) and feed conversion ratio (FCR; \u221212 pts) were observed in BRO-supplemented birds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12081630","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]],"date-time":"2024-08-12T05:19:38Z","timestamp":1723439978000},"page":"1630","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Evaluating the Impact of the PoultryStar\u00aeBro Probiotic on the Incidence of Bacterial Chondronecrosis with Osteomyelitis Using the Aerosol Transmission Challenge Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ruvindu","family":"Perera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA"},{"name":"Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9137-6734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khawla","family":"Alharbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA"},{"name":"Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amer","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad P.O. Box 1417, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6793-1833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andi","family":"Asnayanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA"},{"name":"Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5119-0355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anh","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA"},{"name":"Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulkarim","family":"Shwani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Disease Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Athens, GA 30605, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raj","family":"Murugesan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BIOMIN America Inc., 10801 Mastin Blvd Suite 100, Overland Park, KS 66210, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9842-368X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shelby","family":"Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BIOMIN America Inc., 10801 Mastin Blvd Suite 100, Overland Park, KS 66210, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kidd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5122-9150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adnan A. K.","family":"Alrubaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA"},{"name":"Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.3382\/japr\/pfz052","article-title":"Limb Health in Broiler Breeding: History Using Genetics to Improve Welfare","volume":"28","author":"Siegel","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Appl. Poult. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pev320","article-title":"Bacterial Chondronecrosis with Osteomyelitis and Lameness in Broilers: A Review","volume":"95","author":"Wideman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Poult. 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