{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T09:21:00Z","timestamp":1771233660411,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]],"date-time":"2024-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","award":["NRF-RS-2024-00333842"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-RS-2024-00333842"]}]},{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","award":["NNIBR20243111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNIBR20243111"]}]},{"name":"Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources","award":["NRF-RS-2024-00333842"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-RS-2024-00333842"]}]},{"name":"Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources","award":["NNIBR20243111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNIBR20243111"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is a sight-threatening and difficult-to-treat ocular infection. The significant side effects of current AK treatments highlight the urgent need to develop a safe and effective AK medication. In this study, the amoebicidal activity of Iris setosa Pall. ex Link extract (ISE) against Acanthamoeba was examined and its specific amoebicidal mechanism was explored. ISE induced significant morphological changes in Acanthamoeba trophozoites and exhibited amoebicidal activity against A. castellanii and A. polyphaga. ISE was further fractionated into five subfractions by sequential extraction with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water, and their amoebicidal activities and underlying amoebicidal mechanisms were investigated. The n-butanol subfraction of ISE (ISE-BuOH) displayed selective amoebicidal activity against the Acanthamoeba species with minimal cytotoxicity in human corneal cells (HCE-2). ISE-BuOH triggered apoptosis-like programmed cell death (PCD) in amoebae, characterized by DNA fragmentation, increased ROS production, and caspase-3 activity elevation. ISE-BuOH also demonstrated a partial cysticidal effect against the amoeba species. ISE-BuOH could be a promising candidate in the development of therapeutic drugs for AK.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12081658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]],"date-time":"2024-08-13T06:02:37Z","timestamp":1723528957000},"page":"1658","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Iris setosa Pall. ex Link Extract Reveals Amoebicidal Activity against Acanthamoeba castellanii and Acanthamoeba polyphaga with Low Toxicity to Human Corneal Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"H\u01b0\u01a1ng Giang","family":"L\u00ea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6774-7294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Buyng Su","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37242, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3902-466X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji-Su","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37242, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1667-9137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong Tae","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37242, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jung-Mi","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tu\u1ea5n C\u01b0\u1eddng","family":"V\u00f5","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9334-5996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young Taek","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37242, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6734-1673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Byoung-Kuk","family":"Na","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12752","article-title":"Acanthamoeba Keratitis: A Review of Biology, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology","volume":"41","author":"Lira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol. 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