{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:10:53Z","timestamp":1792789853279,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health\u2014current research, IRCCS"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Functional abdominal bloating and distension (FAB\/FAD) are common disorders of the gut\u2013brain interaction. Their physiopathology is complex and not completely clarified, although gut microbiota imbalances play a central role. The treatment of FAB\/FAD still represents a clinical challenge for both patients and healthcare providers. Gut microbiota modulation strategies might play a crucial role in their management. The aim of this narrative review was to update the current evidence on FAB\/FAD, with a focus on gut microbiota. (2) Methods: In October 2023, a review was conducted through the Medline, PubMed, and Embase databases. Selected literature included all available English-edited studies (randomized controlled trials and cross-sectional, cohort, and case-control studies). (3) Results: Twelve studies were selected, most of which investigated the relationship between IBS and microbiota, with bloating being one of its symptoms. The studies suggest that restoring a balanced microbiome appears to be the most promising solution for better management of FAB\/FAD. Targeted approaches, such as the use of probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics such as rifaximin or dietary modifications, may hold the key to alleviating symptoms. Other therapeutic options, such as diet, neuromodulators, and brain\u2013gut behavioral therapies (i.e., cognitive-behavioral therapy) have shown promising outcomes, but strong data are still lacking. (4) Conclusions: Targeted approaches that focus on the gut microbiota, such as the use of probiotics, prebiotics, and antibiotics, are essential in managing FAB\/FAD. Understanding the complex relationship between gut microbiota and FAB\/FAD is crucial for developing effective treatments. Further studies are needed to explore the specific roles of different microbial populations in patients with FAB\/FAD to enhance therapeutic strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12081669","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T03:46:36Z","timestamp":1723607196000},"page":"1669","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Functional Abdominal Bloating and Gut Microbiota: An Update"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2365-6868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvatore","family":"Crucill\u00e0","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology B Unit, Pancreas Center, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2798-552X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Caldart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology B Unit, Pancreas Center, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9522-9814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Michelon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7167-8773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Marasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4345-6051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Costantino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Foundation IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.03.056","article-title":"Management of Chronic Abdominal Distension and Bloating","volume":"19","author":"Lacy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. 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