{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T13:59:03Z","timestamp":1791899943718,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":236,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]],"date-time":"2024-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724284800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation","award":["KBK 075 0110 47 1 S7 24600 621"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KBK 075 0110 47 1 S7 24600 621"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Stroke represents a significant global health burden, with a substantial impact on mortality, morbidity, and long-term disability. The examination of stroke biomarkers, particularly the oral microbiome, offers a promising avenue for advancing our understanding of the factors that contribute to stroke risk and for developing strategies to mitigate that risk. This review highlights the significant correlations between oral diseases, such as periodontitis and caries, and the onset of stroke. Periodontal pathogens within the oral microbiome have been identified as a contributing factor in the exacerbation of risk factors for stroke, including obesity, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and endothelial dysfunction. The alteration of the oral microbiome may contribute to these conditions, emphasizing the vital role of oral health in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. The integration of dental and medical health practices represents a promising avenue for enhancing stroke prevention efforts and improving patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12081732","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]],"date-time":"2024-08-22T04:26:57Z","timestamp":1724300817000},"page":"1732","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Oral Microbiome Dysbiosis as a Risk Factor for Stroke: A Comprehensive Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5632-7040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgy","family":"Leonov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7842-7635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Salikhova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9262-9233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonina","family":"Starodubova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Therapy Faculty, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7169-2724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrey","family":"Vasilyev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"E.V. Borovsky Institute of Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Central Research Institute of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, 119021 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oleg","family":"Makhnach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6498-5764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timur","family":"Fatkhudinov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dmitry","family":"Goldshtein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101746","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inat.2023.101746","article-title":"Prevalence of Stroke in the Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"32","author":"Rajati","year":"2023","journal-title":"Interdiscip. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.16.181636","article-title":"Stroke: A Global Response Is Needed","volume":"94","author":"Johnson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salvadori, E., Papi, G., Insalata, G., Rinnoci, V., Donnini, I., Martini, M., Falsini, C., Hakiki, B., Romoli, A., and Barbato, C. (2020). Comparison between Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Strokes in Functional Outcome at Discharge from an Intensive Rehabilitation Hospital. Diagnostics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11010038"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng, J., Ghosh, D., Zhang, F., Yang, L., Wu, J., Pang, J., Zhang, L., Yin, S., and Jiang, Y. (2022). Advancement of Epigenetics in Stroke. Front. Neurosci., 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.981726"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e137","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000207387","article-title":"Global Burden, Risk Factor Analysis, and Prediction Study of Ischemic Stroke, 1990\u20132030","volume":"101","author":"Fan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.308398","article-title":"Stroke Risk Factors, Genetics, and Prevention","volume":"120","author":"Boehme","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patil, S., Rossi, R., Jabrah, D., and Doyle, K. (2022). Detection, Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke: Current and Future Perspectives. Front. Med. Technol., 4.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmedt.2022.748949"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reynoso-Garc\u00eda, J., Miranda-Santiago, A.E., Mel\u00e9ndez-V\u00e1zquez, N.M., Acosta-Pag\u00e1n, K., S\u00e1nchez-Rosado, M., D\u00edaz-Rivera, J., Rosado-Qui\u00f1ones, A.M., Acevedo-M\u00e1rquez, L., Cruz-Rold\u00e1n, L., and Tosado-Rodr\u00edguez, E.L. (2022). A Complete Guide to Human Microbiomes: Body Niches, Transmission, Development, Dysbiosis, and Restoration. Front. Syst. Biol., 2.","DOI":"10.3389\/fsysb.2022.951403"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-024-01262-7","article-title":"Genome-Resolved Metagenomics: A Game Changer for Microbiome Medicine","volume":"56","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharma, V., Sharma, V., Shahjouei, S., Li, J., Chaudhary, D., Khan, A., Wolk, D.M., Zand, R., and Abedi, V. (2021). At the Intersection of Gut Microbiome and Stroke: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Front. Neurol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.729399"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-019-00760-5","article-title":"Reproductive Senescence and Ischemic Stroke Remodel the Gut Microbiome and Modulate the Effects of Estrogen Treatment in Female Rats","volume":"11","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl. Stroke Res."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1159\/000516398","article-title":"Role of the Gut Microbiota in Stroke Pathogenesis and Potential Therapeutic Implications","volume":"77","author":"Yamashiro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2146160","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/2146160","article-title":"Global Prevalence of Periodontal Disease and Lack of Its Surveillance","volume":"2020","author":"Nazir","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. World J."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1177\/15353702231187645","article-title":"Oral Microbiota in Human Health and Disease: A Perspective","volume":"248","author":"Santacroce","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5002","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00542-10","article-title":"The Human Oral Microbiome","volume":"192","author":"Dewhirst","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, X., Liu, Y., Yang, X., Li, C., and Song, Z. (2022). The Oral Microbiota: Community Composition, Influencing Factors, Pathogenesis, and Interventions. Front. Microbiol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.895537"},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"(2024, July 17). HOMD: Human Oral Microbiome Database. Available online: https:\/\/www.homd.org\/."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, Y.-H., Chung, S.W., Auh, Q.-S., Hong, S.-J., Lee, Y.-A., Jung, J., Lee, G.-J., Park, H.J., Shin, S.-I., and Hong, J.-Y. (2021). Progress in Oral Microbiome Related to Oral and Systemic Diseases: An Update. Diagnostics, 11.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202106.0529.v1"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2017.08.013","article-title":"Host Genetic Control of the Oral Microbiome in Health and Disease","volume":"22","author":"Gomez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santonocito, S., Giudice, A., Polizzi, A., Troiano, G., Merlo, E.M., Sclafani, R., Grosso, G., and Isola, G. (2022). A Cross-Talk between Diet and the Oral Microbiome: Balance of Nutrition on Inflammation and Immune System\u2019s Response during Periodontitis. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14122426"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-022-03785-x","article-title":"The Role of the Oral Microbiome in Smoking-Related Cardiovascular Risk: A Review of the Literature Exploring Mechanisms and Pathways","volume":"20","author":"Maki","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barb, J., Maki, K., Kazmi, N., Meeks, B., Krumlauf, M., Tuason, R., Brooks, A., Ames, N., Goldman, D., and Wallen, G. (2021). The Oral Microbiome in Alcohol Use Disorder: A Longitudinal Analysis during Inpatient Treatment. J. Oral Microbiol., 14.","DOI":"10.1080\/20002297.2021.2004790"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2019.03.006","article-title":"Sociodemographic Variation in the Oral Microbiome","volume":"35","author":"Renson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anderson, A.C., von Ohle, C., Frese, C., Boutin, S., Bridson, C., Schoilew, K., Peikert, S.A., Hellwig, E., Pelz, K., and Wittmer, A. (2023). The Oral Microbiota Is a Reservoir for Antimicrobial Resistance: Resistome and Phenotypic Resistance Characteristics of Oral Biofilm in Health, Caries, and Periodontitis. Ann. Clin. Microbiol. Antimicrob., 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-023-00585-z"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jang, H., Patoine, A., Wu, T.T., Castillo, D.A., and Xiao, J. (2021). Oral Microflora and Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sci. Rep., 11.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-96495-1"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morrison, A.G., Sarkar, S., Umar, S., Lee, S.T.M., and Thomas, S.M. (2023). The Contribution of the Human Oral Microbiome to Oral Disease: A Review. Microorganisms, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11020318"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2021.02.010","article-title":"The Oralome and Its Dysbiosis: New Insights into Oral Microbiome-Host Interactions","volume":"19","author":"Radaic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput. Struct. Biotechnol. J."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sato, N., Kakuta, M., Uchino, E., Hasegawa, T., Kojima, R., Kobayashi, W., Sawada, K., Tamura, Y., Tokuda, I., and Imoto, S. (2020). The Relationship between Cigarette Smoking and the Tongue Microbiome in an East Asian Population. J. Oral Microbiol., 12.","DOI":"10.1080\/20002297.2020.1742527"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, Q., Wu, X., Zhou, X., Sun, Z., Shen, J., Kong, M., Chen, N., Qiu, J.-G., Jiang, B.-H., and Yuan, C. (2023). Association of Cigarette Smoking with Oral Bacterial Microbiota and Cardiometabolic Health in Chinese Adults. BMC Microbiol., 23.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-023-03061-y"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fan, X., Peters, B.A., Jacobs, E.J., Gapstur, S.M., Purdue, M.P., Freedman, N.D., Alekseyenko, A.V., Wu, J., Yang, L., and Pei, Z. (2018). Drinking Alcohol Is Associated with Variation in the Human Oral Microbiome in a Large Study of American Adults. Microbiome, 6.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-018-0448-x"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, J.S., Chu, C.-H., and Yu, O.Y. (2022). Oral Microbiome and Dental Caries Development. Dent. J., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/dj10100184"},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"3045","article-title":"Association of Oral Dysbiosis with Oral Cancer Development","volume":"19","author":"Gattuso","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Stefano, M., Polizzi, A., Santonocito, S., Romano, A., Lombardi, T., and Isola, G. (2022). Impact of Oral Microbiome in Periodontal Health and Periodontitis: A Critical Review on Prevention and Treatment. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23095142"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chan, A.K.Y., Tamrakar, M., Jiang, C.M., Lo, E.C.M., Leung, K.C.M., and Chu, C.H. (2021). A Systematic Review on Caries Status of Older Adults. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182010662"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weber, C., Dilthey, A., and Finzer, P. (2023). The Role of Microbiome-Host Interactions in the Development of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1151021"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verhoeff, M.C., Eikenboom, D., Koutris, M., de Vries, R., Berendse, H.W., van Dijk, K.D., and Lobbezoo, F. (2023). Parkinson\u2019s Disease and Oral Health: A Systematic Review. Arch. Oral Biol., 151.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2023.105712"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boussamet, L., Montassier, E., Math\u00e9, C., Garcia, A., Morille, J., Shah, S., Dugast, E., Wiertlewski, S., Gourdel, M., and Bang, C. (2024). Investigating the Metabolite Signature of an Altered Oral Microbiota as a Discriminant Factor for Multiple Sclerosis: A Pilot Study. Sci. Rep., 14.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-57949-4"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/psyg.12899","article-title":"Oral Environment and Cerebral Blood Flow in Patients with Neurodegenerative Dementia: Comparison of Alzheimer Type Dementia and Dementia with Lewy Bodies","volume":"23","author":"Inoue","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychogeriatr. Off. J. Jpn. Psychogeriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sankaranarayanan, A., Ramanathan, P., Zakrzewski, M., Vasani, D., Ganapathy, R., Brakoulias, V., and Douglas, M.W. (2024). Oral Microbiome and Treatment Resistance Status in Schizophrenia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Indian J. Psychol. Med.","DOI":"10.1177\/02537176241255725"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000484989","article-title":"Oral Health and Brain Injury: Causal or Casual Relation?","volume":"8","author":"Pillai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc. Dis. Extra"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K\u00f6n\u00f6nen, E., Gursoy, M., and Gursoy, U.K. (2019). Periodontitis: A Multifaceted Disease of Tooth-Supporting Tissues. J. Clin. Med., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8081135"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00462-17","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00462-17","article-title":"Signature of Microbial Dysbiosis in Periodontitis","volume":"83","author":"Meuric","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.17219\/dmp\/158793","article-title":"Association of Periodontitis and Gingivitis with Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"61","author":"Dewan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dent. Med. Probl."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4085","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-020-03739-x","article-title":"Periodontitis Related to Cardiovascular Events and Mortality: A Long-Time Longitudinal Study","volume":"25","author":"Bengtsson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2011.10.008","article-title":"Association between Periodontal Disease and Stroke","volume":"55","author":"Sfyroeras","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04545-1","article-title":"Periodontitis Is Associated with Stroke","volume":"21","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2888","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.2888","article-title":"Periodontitis and Stroke: A Mendelian Randomization Study","volume":"13","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Behav."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345241232406","article-title":"Periodontitis, Dental Procedures, and Young-Onset Cryptogenic Stroke","volume":"103","author":"Putaala","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Y.-L., Bai, L., Dilimulati, D., Shao, S., Qiu, C., Liu, T., Xu, S., Bai, X.-B., Du, L.-J., and Zhou, L.-J. (2022). Periodontitis Salivary Microbiota Aggravates Ischemic Stroke Through IL-17A. Front. Neurosci., 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.876582"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13418","article-title":"Periodontitis Is Associated with Cardiovascular Diseases: A 13-Year Study","volume":"48","author":"Tiensripojamarn","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shahi, S., Farhoudi, M., Dizaj, S.M., Sharifi, S., Sadigh-Eteghad, S., Goh, K.W., Ming, L.C., Dhaliwal, J.S., and Salatin, S. (2022). The Link between Stroke Risk and Orodental Status\u2014A Comprehensive Review. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11195854"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S\u00f6der, B., Meurman, J.H., and S\u00f6der, P.-\u00d6. (2015). Gingival Inflammation Associates with Stroke\u2014A Role for Oral Health Personnel in Prevention: A Database Study. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0137142"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.123.042528","article-title":"Dental Caries, Race and Incident Ischemic Stroke, Coronary Heart Disease, and Death","volume":"55","author":"Sen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.20-0053","article-title":"Better Oral Hygiene Is Associated with Lower Risk of Stroke","volume":"92","author":"Chang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487319886018","article-title":"Improved Oral Hygiene Care Is Associated with Decreased Risk of Occurrence for Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study","volume":"27","author":"Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4541","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-020-03319-z","article-title":"Tooth Loss Is Associated with Atherosclerosis and a Poorer Functional Outcome among Stroke Patients","volume":"24","author":"Leao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494819879351","article-title":"Oral Health and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Mortality of Cerebral Haemorrhage, Cerebral Infarction and Unspecified Stroke in Elderly Men: A Prospective Cohort Study","volume":"48","author":"Nafstad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scand. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jain, P., Hassan, N., Khatoon, K., Mirza, M.A., Naseef, P.P., Kuruniyan, M.S., and Iqbal, Z. (2021). Periodontitis and Systemic Disorder\u2014An Overview of Relation and Novel Treatment Modalities. Pharmaceutics, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13081175"},{"key":"ref_59","unstructured":"Asea, A.A.A., and Kaur, P. (2021). Heat Shock Proteins and Periodontitis\u2014Cross-Reaction Between Bacterial and Human HSP in Periodontal Infection Linking with Cardiovascular Diseases. Heat Shock Proteins in Inflammatory Diseases, Springer International Publishing."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9720947","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/9720947","article-title":"Periodontal Health and Disease in the Context of Systemic Diseases","volume":"2023","author":"Isola","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_61","first-page":"151","article-title":"C\u2014Reactive Protein Levels in Patients with Periodontal Disease and Normal Subjects","volume":"2","author":"Shojaee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Cell. Med."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gusev, E., and Sarapultsev, A. (2023). Atherosclerosis and Inflammation: Insights from the Theory of General Pathological Processes. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24097910"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-022-01179-6","article-title":"Recent Advances in the Impact of Infection and Inflammation on Stroke Risk and Outcomes","volume":"22","author":"Oh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2021.01.009","article-title":"Periodontal Disease, Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke","volume":"235","author":"Sen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_65","unstructured":"(2024, July 17). Severe Periodontal Disease Increases Acute Myocardial Infarction and Stroke: A 10-Year Retrospective Follow-Up Study\u2014H.J. Cho, M.S. Shin, Y. Song, S.K. Park, S.M. Park, H.D. Kim. Available online: https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0022034520986097?icid=int.sj-full-text.similar-articles.2."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2024.107803","article-title":"Markers of Periodontal Disease and Risk of Stroke: INTERSTROKE Case-Control Study","volume":"33","author":"Murphy","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1177\/1747493019834191","article-title":"Ligature-Induced Periodontitis Induces Systemic Inflammation but Does Not Alter Acute Outcome after Stroke in Mice","volume":"15","author":"Haley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Stroke Off. J. Int. Stroke Soc."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jang, K.-A., Kim, Y.-R., Joo, K., and Son, M. (2023). Chronic Periodontitis and Risk of Cerebro-Cardiovascular Diseases among Older Koreans. Gerodontology, 1\u20139.","DOI":"10.1111\/ger.12722"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1848","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.21-0528","article-title":"Periodontitis Is a Potential Risk Factor for Transient Ischemic Attack and Minor Ischemic Stroke in Young Adults: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study","volume":"93","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3413","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.14756","article-title":"Association between Severity of Dental Caries and the Risk of Stroke","volume":"30","author":"Ono","year":"2024","journal-title":"Oral Dis."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1080\/10749357.2019.1656413","article-title":"Oral Health in Patients with Stroke: A Meta-Analysis of Comparative Studies","volume":"27","author":"Zeng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Top. Stroke Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034518814829","article-title":"Tooth Loss Predicts Myocardial Infarction, Heart Failure, Stroke, and Death","volume":"98","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.3390\/microbiolres14040127","article-title":"The Interaction between the Oral Microbiome and Systemic Diseases: A Narrative Review","volume":"14","author":"Pisano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, W., Huang, S., Yang, X., Luo, Y., Liu, L., and Wu, D. (2023). The Oral Microbiome of Patients with Ischemic Stroke Predicts Their Severity and Prognosis. Front. Immunol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1171898"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2266655","DOI":"10.1080\/20002297.2023.2266655","article-title":"Oral Microbiome and Ischemic Stroke Risk among Elderly Chinese Women","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Oral Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moldvai, J., Ors\u00f3s, M., Herczeg, E., Uhrin, E., Kivovics, M., and N\u00e9meth, O. (2022). Oral Health Status and Its Associated Factors among Post-Stroke Inpatients: A Cross-Sectional Study in Hungary. BMC Oral Health, 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-022-02259-2"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1111\/ger.12271","article-title":"Oral Flora in Acute Stroke Patients: A Prospective Exploratory Observational Study","volume":"34","author":"Boaden","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gerodontology"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12903","article-title":"The Association between Oral Bacteria, the Cough Reflex and Pneumonia in Patients with Acute Stroke and Suspected Dysphagia","volume":"47","author":"Perry","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Oral Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ycae088","DOI":"10.1093\/ismeco\/ycae088","article-title":"Multikingdom Oral Microbiome Interactions in Early-Onset Cryptogenic Ischemic Stroke","volume":"4","author":"Manzoor","year":"2024","journal-title":"ISME Commun."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Merglova, V., Koberova-Ivancakova, R., Broukal, Z., and Dort, J. (2014). The Presence of Cariogenic and Periodontal Pathogens in the Oral Cavity of One-Year-Old Infants Delivered Pre-Term with Very Low Birthweights: A Case Control Study. BMC Oral Health, 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6831-14-109"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35","DOI":"10.1002\/pdi3.35","article-title":"Comparison of the Main Pathogenic Microorganisms of Various Common Oral Diseases in Children and Adults","volume":"1","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatr. Discov."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lemos, J., Palmer, S., Zeng, L., Wen, Z., Kajfasz, J., Freires, I., Abranches, J., and Brady, L. (2019). The Biology of Streptococcus Mutans. Microbiol. Spectr., 7.","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.GPP3-0051-2018"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3632","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.029607","article-title":"Oral Carriage of Streptococcus Mutans Harboring the Cnm Gene Relates to an Increased Incidence of Cerebral Microbleeds","volume":"51","author":"Hosoki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e012330","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.012330","article-title":"Oral Bacterial Signatures in Cerebral Thrombi of Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke Treated with Thrombectomy","volume":"8","author":"Patrakka","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc. Cardiovasc. Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_85","first-page":"5402764","article-title":"Association between Oral Pathology, Carotid Stenosis, and Oral Bacterial DNA in Cerebral Thrombi of Patients with Stroke","volume":"2021","author":"Patrakka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stroke Res. Treat."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e030639","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.123.030639","article-title":"Thrombus Aspirates From Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke Are Infiltrated by Viridans Streptococci","volume":"12","author":"Patrakka","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc. Cardiovasc. Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ren, Y., Liang, J., Li, X., Deng, Y., Cheng, S., Wu, Q., Song, W., He, Y., Zhu, J., and Zhang, X. (2023). Association between Oral Microbial Dysbiosis and Poor Functional Outcomes in Stroke-Associated Pneumonia Patients. BMC Microbiol., 23.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-023-03057-8"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Basic, A., and Dahl\u00e9n, G. (2023). Microbial Metabolites in the Pathogenesis of Periodontal Diseases: A Narrative Review. Front. Oral Health, 4.","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2023.1210200"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fragkioudakis, I., Riggio, M.P., and Apatzidou, D.A. (2021). Understanding the Microbial Components of Periodontal Diseases and Periodontal Treatment-Induced Microbiological Shifts. J. Med. Microbiol., 70.","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.001247"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.18-0596","article-title":"Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide Activates Platelet Cdc42 and Promotes Platelet Spreading and Thrombosis","volume":"90","author":"Senini","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2023.102313","article-title":"Periodontitis in Ischemic Stroke: Impact of Porphyromonas gingivalis on Thrombus Composition and Ischemic Stroke Outcomes","volume":"8","author":"Nomenjanahary","year":"2024","journal-title":"Res. Pract. Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13430","article-title":"Serum Immunoglobulin G Antibody Titer to Fusobacterium Nucleatum Is Associated with Unfavorable Outcome after Stroke","volume":"200","author":"Nishi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shiga, Y., Hosomi, N., Nezu, T., Nishi, H., Aoki, S., Nakamori, M., Ishikawa, K., Kinoshita, N., Imamura, E., and Ueno, H. (2020). Association between Periodontal Disease Due to Campylobacter Rectus and Cerebral Microbleeds in Acute Stroke Patients. PLoS ONE, 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0239773"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ihj.2021.01.011","article-title":"Molecular Analysis Shows the Presence of Periodontal Bacterial DNA in Atherosclerotic Plaques from Patients with Coronary Artery Disease","volume":"73","author":"Rao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian Heart J."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-124X.124476","article-title":"Prevelance of Periodontopathogenic Bacteria in Subgingival Biofilm and Atherosclerotic Plaques of Patients Undergoing Coronary Revascularization Surgery","volume":"17","author":"Mahendra","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Indian Soc. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15502","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.15502","article-title":"Unexpected Lower Level of Oral Periodontal Pathogens in Patients with High Numbers of Systemic Diseases","volume":"11","author":"Shen","year":"2023","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1590\/S1678-77572012000100019","article-title":"Increased Levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis Are Associated with Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Cerebrovascular Disease in Humans: An in Vivo Study","volume":"20","author":"Ghizoni","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Appl. Oral Sci."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murakami, M., Suzuki, J., Yamazaki, S., Ikezoe, M., Matsushima, R., Ashigaki, N., Aoyama, N., Kobayashi, N., Wakayama, K., and Akazawa, H. (2013). High Incidence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Infection in Patients with Cerebral Infarction and Diabetic Renal Failure: A Cross-Sectional Study. BMC Infect. Dis., 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-557"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s12959-024-00583-x","article-title":"Detecting Prokaryote-Specific Gene and Other Bacterial Signatures in Thrombi from Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Thromb. J."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2018.217","article-title":"The Oral Microbiota\u2014A Mechanistic Role for Systemic Diseases","volume":"224","author":"Jia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2016.865","article-title":"The Oral Microbiome\u2014An Update for Oral Healthcare Professionals","volume":"221","author":"Kilian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Su\u00e1rez, L.J., Garz\u00f3n, H., Arboleda, S., and Rodr\u00edguez, A. (2020). Oral Dysbiosis and Autoimmunity: From Local Periodontal Responses to an Imbalanced Systemic Immunity. A Review. Front. Immunol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.591255"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Figueredo, C.M., Lira-Junior, R., and Love, R.M. (2019). T and B Cells in Periodontal Disease: New Functions in A Complex Scenario. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20163949"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2012.12.012","article-title":"Role of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) as an Immune-Diagnostic Biomarker in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Periodontal Disease","volume":"61","author":"Gupta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2061868","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2061868","article-title":"Chemokine Receptor 2 (CXCR2) Gene Variants and Their Association with Periodontal Bacteria in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis","volume":"2019","author":"Kavrikova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Galler, K.M., Weber, M., Korkmaz, Y., Widbiller, M., and Feuerer, M. (2021). Inflammatory Response Mechanisms of the Dentine\u2013Pulp Complex and the Periapical Tissues. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22031480"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12973","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.12973","article-title":"NLRP3 Regulates Alveolar Bone Loss in Ligature-induced Periodontitis by Promoting Osteoclastic Differentiation","volume":"54","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Prolif."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034520926126","article-title":"Inflammatory Networks Linking Oral Microbiome with Systemic Health and Disease","volume":"99","author":"Kleinstein","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roth, C.E., Craveiro, R.B., Niederau, C., Malyaran, H., Neuss, S., Jankowski, J., and Wolf, M. (2022). Mechanical Compression by Simulating Orthodontic Tooth Movement in an In Vitro Model Modulates Phosphorylation of AKT and MAPKs via TLR4 in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23158062"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2022.152023","article-title":"High Concentrations of Porphyromonas gingivalis-LPS Downregulate Tlr4 and Modulate Phosphorylation of ERK and AKT in Murine Cementoblasts","volume":"246","author":"Craveiro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Anat. Anat. Anz."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nativel, B., Couret, D., Giraud, P., Meilhac, O., d\u2019Hellencourt, C.L., Virana\u00efcken, W., and Da Silva, C.R. (2017). Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharides Act Exclusively through TLR4 with a Resilience between Mouse and Human. Sci. Rep., 7.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-16190-y"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01757-9","article-title":"NF-\u03baB in Biology and Targeted Therapy: New Insights and Translational Implications","volume":"9","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4641","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S325073","article-title":"Dysbiosis of the Salivary Microbiome Is Associated with Hypertension and Correlated with Metabolic Syndrome Biomarkers","volume":"14","author":"Sohail","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr. Obes. Targets Ther."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2022.03.007","article-title":"Roles of Oral Microbiota and Oral-Gut Microbial Transmission in Hypertension","volume":"43","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e021930","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.021930","article-title":"Oral Microbiome Is Associated with Incident Hypertension Among Postmenopausal Women","volume":"11","author":"LaMonte","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc. Cardiovasc. Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-017-0725-2","article-title":"Oral Microbiome and Nitric Oxide: The Missing Link in the Management of Blood Pressure","volume":"19","author":"Bryan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Hypertens. Rep."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.12352","article-title":"Acute Effects of an Oral Nitric Oxide Supplement on Blood Pressure, Endothelial Function, and Vascular Compliance in Hypertensive Patients","volume":"16","author":"Houston","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nappi, F., Fiore, A., Masiglat, J., Cavuoti, T., Romandini, M., Nappi, P., Avtaar Singh, S.S., and Couetil, J.-P. (2022). Endothelium-Derived Relaxing Factors and Endothelial Function: A Systematic Review. Biomedicines, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10112884"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e013324","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.013324","article-title":"Association Between Nitrate-Reducing Oral Bacteria and Cardiometabolic Outcomes: Results From ORIGINS","volume":"8","author":"Goh","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc. Cardiovasc. Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hyde, E.R., Andrade, F., Vaksman, Z., Parthasarathy, K., Jiang, H., Parthasarathy, D.K., Torregrossa, A.C., Tribble, G., Kaplan, H.B., and Petrosino, J.F. (2014). Metagenomic Analysis of Nitrate-Reducing Bacteria in the Oral Cavity: Implications for Nitric Oxide Homeostasis. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0088645"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2020.11.002","article-title":"Association between Hypertension, Oral Microbiome and Salivary Nitric Oxide: A Case-Control Study","volume":"106","author":"Barbadoro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nitric Oxide"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ren, Y., Liang, J., Hu, W., Xie, J., Zheng, Y., Song, W., Zhu, J., Zhou, H., Wu, Q., and He, Y. (2024). Association between Oral Microbial Nitrate Metabolism and Poor Prognosis in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients with a History of Hypertension. J. Oral Microbiol., 16.","DOI":"10.1080\/20002297.2024.2382620"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Medina-Leyte, D.J., Zepeda-Garc\u00eda, O., Dom\u00ednguez-P\u00e9rez, M., Gonz\u00e1lez-Garrido, A., Villarreal-Molina, T., and Jacobo-Albavera, L. (2021). Endothelial Dysfunction, Inflammation and Coronary Artery Disease: Potential Biomarkers and Promising Therapeutical Approaches. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22083850"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Q., Ouyang, X., and Lin, J. (2022). The Impact of Periodontitis on Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.998313"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3118","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.758524","article-title":"Bacteremia Associated with Toothbrushing and Dental Extraction","volume":"117","author":"Lockhart","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reyes, L., Getachew, H., Dunn, W.A., and Progulske-Fox, A. (2020). Porphyromonas gingivalis W83 Traffics via ICAM1 in Microvascular Endothelial Cells and Alters Capillary Organization in Vivo. J. Oral Microbiol., 12.","DOI":"10.1080\/20002297.2020.1742528"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-021-00134-4","article-title":"Porphyromonas gingivalis Infection Promotes Mitochondrial Dysfunction through Drp1-Dependent Mitochondrial Fission in Endothelial Cells","volume":"13","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Sci."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Viafara-Garc\u00eda, S.M., Morantes, S.J., Chacon-Quintero, Y., Castillo, D.M., Lafaurie, G.I., and Buitrago, D.M. (2019). Repeated Porphyromonas gingivalis W83 Exposure Leads to Release Pro-Inflammatory Cytokynes and Angiotensin II in Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells. Sci. Rep., 9.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-54259-y"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2016.160288","article-title":"Rosuvastatin Inhibits Interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-6 Production in Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells Stimulated with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Serotype b","volume":"88","author":"Gualtero","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2010.01339.x","article-title":"Identification of Immunoreactive Epitopes of the Porphyromonas gingivalis Heat Shock Protein in Periodontitis and Atherosclerosis","volume":"46","author":"Choi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Periodontal Res."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsai, C.-S., Huang, C.-Y., Tsai, Y.-T., Shih, C.-M., Lai, Z.-H., Liu, C.-W., Lin, Y.-W., and Lin, F.-Y. (2024). Porphyromonas gingivalis GroEL Exacerbates Orthotopic Allograft Transplantation Vasculopathy via Impairment of Endothelial Cell Function. Mol. Oral Microbiol., 1\u201318.","DOI":"10.1111\/omi.12453"},{"key":"ref_132","first-page":"43","article-title":"The Markers of Systemic Inflammation in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis: Leukocytes, C-Reactive Protein and Fibrinogen","volume":"1","author":"Ana","year":"2013","journal-title":"World J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Surma, S., and Banach, M. (2021). Fibrinogen and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases\u2014Review of the Literature and Clinical Studies. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23010193"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-07-818211","article-title":"The Multifaceted Role of Fibrinogen in Tissue Injury and Inflammation","volume":"133","author":"Luyendyk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Z., Cao, Y., Jiang, W., Yan, Z., Cai, G., Ye, J., Wang, H., and Liu, L. (2024). Porphyromonas gingivalis OMVs Promoting Endothelial Dysfunction via the STING Pathway in Periodontitis. Oral Dis., 1\u201314.","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.14969"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2123","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.17796","article-title":"RhoA\/ROCK1 Regulates the Mitochondrial Dysfunction through Drp1 Induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis in Endothelial Cells","volume":"27","author":"Dong","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pablo-Moreno, J.A.D., Serrano, L.J., Revuelta, L., S\u00e1nchez, M.J., and Liras, A. (2022). The Vascular Endothelium and Coagulation: Homeostasis, Disease, and Treatment, with a Focus on the Von Willebrand Factor and Factors VIII and V. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23158283"},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1159\/000519737","article-title":"Porphyromonas gingivalis Gingipains-Mediated Degradation of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Leads to Delayed Wound Healing Responses in Human Endothelial Cells","volume":"14","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Innate Immun."},{"key":"ref_139","first-page":"S85","article-title":"Evidence That Periodontal Treatment Improves Biomarkers and CVD Outcomes","volume":"84","author":"Orlandi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S51","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12060","article-title":"Inflammatory Mechanisms Linking Periodontal Diseases to Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":"40","author":"Schenkein","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2022.106616","article-title":"Local Delivery of Nitric Oxide Prevents Endothelial Dysfunction in Periodontitis","volume":"188","author":"Fernandes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Malekmohammad, K., Bezsonov, E.E., and Rafieian-Kopaei, M. (2021). Role of Lipid Accumulation and Inflammation in Atherosclerosis: Focus on Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms. Front. Cardiovasc. Med., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.707529"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13189","article-title":"Periodontitis and Cardiovascular Diseases: Consensus Report","volume":"47","author":"Sanz","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12835","article-title":"A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study of the Association between Periodontitis and Arterial Stiffness among the Older Japanese Population","volume":"56","author":"Iwasaki","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Periodontal Res."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-00955-7","article-title":"Inflammation and Atherosclerosis: Signaling Pathways and Therapeutic Intervention","volume":"7","author":"Kong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vieceli Dalla Sega, F., Fortini, F., Aquila, G., Campo, G., Vaccarezza, M., and Rizzo, P. (2019). Notch Signaling Regulates Immune Responses in Atherosclerosis. Front. Immunol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01130"},{"key":"ref_147","first-page":"1975","article-title":"The Role of Wnt Signaling Pathway in Atherosclerosis and Its Relationship with Angiogenesis","volume":"16","author":"Du","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ricciardi, R.M., Cipollone, A., D\u2019Ardes, D., Di Giacomo, D., Pignatelli, P., Cipollone, F., Curia, M.C., Magni, P., and Bucci, M. (2023). Risk Factors and Immunoinflammatory Mechanisms Leading to Atherosclerosis: Focus on the Role of Oral Microbiota Dysbiosis. Microorganisms, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11061479"},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aleksijevi\u0107, L.H., Aleksijevi\u0107, M., \u0160krlec, I., \u0160ram, M., \u0160ram, M., and Talapko, J. (2022). Porphyromonas gingivalis Virulence Factors and Clinical Significance in Periodontal Disease and Coronary Artery Diseases. Pathogens, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11101173"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.119.315502","article-title":"BMAL1-Downregulation Aggravates Porphyromonas gingivalis-Induced Atherosclerosis by Encouraging Oxidative Stress","volume":"126","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.20-0444","article-title":"Porphyromonas gingivalis Infection Alters Nrf2-Phase II Enzymes and Nitric Oxide in Primary Human Aortic Endothelial Cells","volume":"92","author":"Sampath","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, X., Xie, M., Lu, X., Mei, F., Song, W., Liu, Y., and Chen, L. (2023). The Roles of Periodontal Bacteria in Atherosclerosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241612861"},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12527","article-title":"Lipoprotein Modifications by Gingipains of Porphyromonas gingivalis","volume":"53","author":"Ljunggren","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Periodontal Res."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, X., Gao, J., Meng, X., Lu, X., Zhang, L., and Chen, R. (2021). Polarized Macrophages in Periodontitis: Characteristics, Function, and Molecular Signaling. Front. Immunol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.763334"},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13085","article-title":"Randomized Controlled Trial of the Effect of Periodontal Treatment on Cardiovascular Risk Biomarkers in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease: Preliminary Findings of 3 Months","volume":"46","author":"Montenegro","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s40496-023-00334-3","article-title":"Metabolic Syndrome and Periodontal Disease","volume":"10","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Oral Health Rep."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12326","article-title":"The Association of Periodontal Diseases with Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity","volume":"83","author":"Jepsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Periodontol. 2000"},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35","DOI":"10.1590\/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0035","article-title":"Association between Metabolic Syndrome and Periodontitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"32","author":"Daudt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Braz. Oral Res."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12379","article-title":"Association between Metabolic Syndrome and Periodontitis: The Role of Lipids, Inflammatory Cytokines, Altered Host Response, and the Microbiome","volume":"87","author":"Pirih","year":"2021","journal-title":"Periodontol. 2000"},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Si, J., Lee, C., and Ko, G. (2017). Oral Microbiota: Microbial Biomarkers of Metabolic Syndrome Independent of Host Genetic Factors. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00516"},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03324802","article-title":"Association of Periodontitis and Metabolic Syndrome in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging","volume":"22","author":"Nesbitt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aging Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chopra, A., Franco-Duarte, R., Rajagopal, A., Choowong, P., Soares, P., Rito, T., Eberhard, J., and Jayasinghe, T.N. (2024). Exploring the Presence of Oral Bacteria in Non-Oral Sites of Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases Using Whole Metagenomic Data. Sci. Rep., 14.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-50891-x"},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, Y., Cai, Q., Zheng, W., Steinwandel, M., Blot, W.J., Shu, X.-O., and Long, J. (2019). Oral Microbiome and Obesity in a Large Study of Low-Income and African-American Populations. J. Oral Microbiol., 11.","DOI":"10.1080\/20002297.2019.1650597"},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-023-00856-7","article-title":"The Role of the Oral Microbiome in Obesity and Metabolic Disease: Potential Systemic Implications and Effects on Taste Perception","volume":"22","author":"Schamarek","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutr. J."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Costa, R., R\u00edos-Carrasco, B., Monteiro, L., L\u00f3pez-Jarana, P., Carneiro, F., and Relvas, M. (2023). Association between Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Periodontal Diseases. J. Clin. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12031147"},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u2019Agostino, S., Valentini, G., and Dolci, M. (2024). Exploring Interleukin Levels in Type 1 Diabetes and Periodontitis: A Review with a Focus on Childhood. Children, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/children11020238"},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tam, J., Hoffmann, T., Fischer, S., Bornstein, S., Gr\u00e4\u00dfler, J., and Noack, B. (2018). Obesity Alters Composition and Diversity of the Oral Microbiota in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Independently of Glycemic Control. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0204724"},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Araujo, D.S., Klein, M.I., Scudine, K.G.d.O., de Sales Leite, L., Parisotto, T.M., Ferreira, C.M., Fonseca, F.L.A., Perez, M.M., and Castelo, P.M. (2020). Salivary Microbiological and Gingival Health Status Evaluation of Adolescents with Overweight and Obesity: A Cluster Analysis. Front. Pediatr., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2020.00429"},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.453","article-title":"Comparison of the Frequency of Periodontal Pathogenic Species of Diabetics and Non-Diabetics and Its Relation to Periodontitis Severity, Glycemic Control and Body Mass Index","volume":"7","author":"Akherati","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hatasa, M., Ohsugi, Y., Katagiri, S., Yoshida, S., Niimi, H., Morita, K., Tsuchiya, Y., Shimohira, T., Sasaki, N., and Maekawa, S. (2020). Endotoxemia by Porphyromonas gingivalis Alters Endocrine Functions in Brown Adipose Tissue. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.580577"},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.13263","article-title":"Association of Adipokine Levels with Obesity in Periodontal Health and Disease: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression","volume":"59","author":"Kandaswamy","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Periodontal Res."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2010.01644.x","article-title":"Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Levels in Association between Periodontal Disease and Hyperlipidaemia","volume":"38","author":"Sert","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yamazaki, K., Kato, T., Tsuboi, Y., Miyauchi, E., Suda, W., Sato, K., Nakajima, M., Yokoji-Takeuchi, M., Yamada-Hara, M., and Tsuzuno, T. (2021). Oral Pathobiont-Induced Changes in Gut Microbiota Aggravate the Pathology of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice. Front. Immunol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.766170"},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Corredor, Z., Suarez-Molina, A., Fong, C., Cifuentes-C, L., and Guauque-Olarte, S. (2022). Presence of Periodontal Pathogenic Bacteria in Blood of Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. Sci. Rep., 12.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-05337-1"},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8","DOI":"10.1038\/ijos.2017.51","article-title":"Analysis of Differential Expression of Tight Junction Proteins in Cultured Oral Epithelial Cells Altered by Porphyromonas gingivalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide, and Extracellular Adenosine Triphosphate","volume":"10","author":"Guo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Sci."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1038\/s41514-017-0015-x","article-title":"Periodontitis Induced by Bacterial Infection Exacerbates Features of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease in Transgenic Mice","volume":"3","author":"Ishida","year":"2017","journal-title":"NPJ Aging Mech. Dis."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-023-00241-4","article-title":"The Interaction between the Nervous System and the Stomatognathic System: From Development to Diseases","volume":"15","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Sci."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Said-Sadier, N., Sayegh, B., Farah, R., Abbas, L.A., Dweik, R., Tang, N., and Ojcius, D.M. (2023). Association between Periodontal Disease and Cognitive Impairment in Adults. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20064707"},{"key":"ref_179","first-page":"1148","article-title":"Periodontal Disease and Alzheimer\u2019s: Insights from a Systematic Literature Network Analysis","volume":"11","author":"Villar","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Prev. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chi, L., Cheng, X., Lin, L., Yang, T., Sun, J., Feng, Y., Liang, F., Pei, Z., and Teng, W. (2021). Porphyromonas gingivalis-Induced Cognitive Impairment Is Associated with Gut Dysbiosis, Neuroinflammation, and Glymphatic Dysfunction. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.755925"},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-200385","article-title":"Oral Health Status in Subjects with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: Data from the Zab\u00fat Aging Project","volume":"87","author":"Panzarella","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-017-1052-x","article-title":"Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide Induces Cognitive Dysfunction, Mediated by Neuronal Inflammation via Activation of the TLR4 Signaling Pathway in C57BL\/6 Mice","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-140315","article-title":"Active Invasion of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Infection-Induced Complement Activation in ApoE-\/- Mice Brains","volume":"43","author":"Poole","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaau3333","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aau3333","article-title":"Porphyromonas gingivalis in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Brains: Evidence for Disease Causation and Treatment with Small-Molecule Inhibitors","volume":"5","author":"Dominy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1159\/000535776","article-title":"Association between Periodontitis and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"53","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sherina, N., de Vries, C., Kharlamova, N., Sippl, N., Jiang, X., Brynedal, B., Kindstedt, E., Hansson, M., Mathsson-Alm, L., and Israelsson, L. (2022). Antibodies to a Citrullinated Porphyromonas gingivalis Epitope Are Increased in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis, and Can Be Produced by Gingival Tissue B Cells: Implications for a Bacterial Origin in RA Etiology. Front. Immunol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.804822"},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.4103\/jomfp.JOMFP_304_18","article-title":"Oral Microbiome: Unveiling the Fundamentals","volume":"23","author":"Deo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Pathol. JOMFP"},{"key":"ref_188","first-page":"291","article-title":"Acquisition and Maturation of Oral Microbiome throughout Childhood: An Update","volume":"11","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dent. Res. J."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01395-09","article-title":"Transmission of Diverse Oral Bacteria to Murine Placenta: Evidence for the Oral Microbiome as a Potential Source of Intrauterine Infection","volume":"78","author":"Fardini","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_190","first-page":"237ra65","article-title":"The Placenta Harbors a Unique Microbiome","volume":"6","author":"Aagaard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monteiro, M.F., Altabtbaei, K., Kumar, P.S., Casati, M.Z., Ruiz, K.G.S., Sallum, E.A., Nociti-Junior, F.H., and Casarin, R.C.V. (2021). Parents with Periodontitis Impact the Subgingival Colonization of Their Offspring. Sci. Rep., 11.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-80372-4"},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ishida, E., Furusho, H., Renn, T.-Y., Shiba, F., Chang, H.-M., Oue, H., Terayama, R., Ago, Y., Tsuga, K., and Miyauchi, M. (2023). Mouse Maternal Odontogenic Infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis Induces Cognitive Decline in Offspring. Front. Pediatr., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2023.1203894"},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, Y., Li, H., Zhang, J., Zhang, X., Xia, X., Qiu, C., Liao, Y., Chen, H., Song, Z., and Zhou, W. (2020). Periodontitis Induced by P. Gingivalis-LPS Is Associated with Neuroinflammation and Learning and Memory Impairment in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Front. Neurosci., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00658"},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2114152118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2114152118","article-title":"No Evidence for Colonization of Oral Bacteria in the Distal Gut in Healthy Adults","volume":"118","author":"Rashidi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e42693","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.42693","article-title":"Extensive Transmission of Microbes along the Gastrointestinal Tract","volume":"8","author":"Schmidt","year":"2019","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.09.008","article-title":"Bacteria from Diverse Habitats Colonize and Compete in the Mouse Gut","volume":"159","author":"Seedorf","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107977","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.107977","article-title":"Alcohol Drinking Alters Oral Microbiota to Modulate the Progression of Alcohol-Related Liver Disease","volume":"26","author":"Pan","year":"2023","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-019-00098-8","article-title":"Gastro-Intestinal and Oral Microbiome Signatures Associated with Healthy Aging","volume":"41","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"GeroScience"},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2020322118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2020322118","article-title":"Microbiome Signatures of Progression toward Celiac Disease Onset in At-Risk Children in a Longitudinal Prospective Cohort Study","volume":"118","author":"Leonard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13568","article-title":"Alterations of the Human Gut Microbiome in Liver Cirrhosis","volume":"513","author":"Qin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6839356","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/6839356","article-title":"Oral and Intestinal Bacterial Substances Associated with Disease Activities in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Cross-Sectional Clinical Study","volume":"2022","author":"Kitamura","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e89","DOI":"10.1038\/ctg.2015.20","article-title":"Influence of Proton-Pump Inhibitors on the Luminal Microbiota in the Gastrointestinal Tract","volume":"6","author":"Tsuda","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-310861","article-title":"Proton Pump Inhibitors Alter the Composition of the Gut Microbiota","volume":"65","author":"Jackson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, Y., Li, Z., and Peng, X. (2023). Regulatory Effects of Oral Microbe on Intestinal Microbiota and the Illness. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1093967"},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-022-00183-3","article-title":"Periodontitis May Induce Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis via Salivary Microbiota","volume":"14","author":"Bao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Sci."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leonov, G.E., Varaeva, Y.R., Livantsova, E.N., and Starodubova, A.V. (2023). The Complicated Relationship of Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Oral Microbiome: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11102749"},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kamer, A.R., Pushalkar, S., Hamidi, B., Janal, M.N., Tang, V., Annam, K.R.C., Palomo, L., Gulivindala, D., Glodzik, L., and Saxena, D. (2024). Periodontal Inflammation and Dysbiosis Relate to Microbial Changes in the Gut. Microorganisms, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12061225"},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45473-y","article-title":"Porphyromonas gingivalis Aggravates Colitis via a Gut Microbiota-Linoleic Acid Metabolism-Th17\/Treg Cell Balance Axis","volume":"15","author":"Jia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Louren\u03c2o, T.G.B., Spencer, S.J., Alm, E.J., and Colombo, A.P.V. (2018). Defining the Gut Microbiota in Individuals with Periodontal Diseases: An Exploratory Study. J. Oral Microbiol., 10.","DOI":"10.1080\/20002297.2018.1487741"},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gu, X., Song, L., Li, L., Liu, T., Zhang, M., Li, Z., Wang, P., Li, M., and Zuo, X. (2020). Fusobacterium Nucleatum Causes Microbial Dysbiosis and Exacerbates Visceral Hypersensitivity in a Colonization-Independent Manner. Front. Microbiol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.01281"},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.05.048","article-title":"The Intermucosal Connection between the Mouth and Gut in Commensal Pathobiont-Driven Colitis","volume":"182","author":"Kitamoto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Solemdal, K., Sandvik, L., Willumsen, T., Mowe, M., and Hummel, T. (2012). The Impact of Oral Health on Taste Ability in Acutely Hospitalized Elderly. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0036557"},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2017.191","article-title":"Tannerella Forsythia and Coating Color on the Tongue Dorsum, and Fatty Food Liking Associate with Fat Accumulation and Insulin Resistance in Adult Catch-up Fat","volume":"42","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Breit, S., Kupferberg, A., Rogler, G., and Hasler, G. (2018). Vagus Nerve as Modulator of the Brain\u2013Gut Axis in Psychiatric and Inflammatory Disorders. Front. Psychiatry, 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00044"},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01673-4","article-title":"Gut Liver Brain Axis in Diseases: The Implications for Therapeutic Interventions","volume":"8","author":"Yan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sansores-Espa\u00f1a, L.D., Melgar-Rodr\u00edguez, S., Olivares-Sagredo, K., Cafferata, E.A., Mart\u00ednez-Aguilar, V.M., Vernal, R., Paula-Lima, A.C., and D\u00edaz-Z\u00fa\u00f1iga, J. (2021). Oral-Gut-Brain Axis in Experimental Models of Periodontitis: Associating Gut Dysbiosis with Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front. Aging, 2.","DOI":"10.3389\/fragi.2021.781582"},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2125739","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2022.2125739","article-title":"Regulation of Microglial Physiology by the Microbiota","volume":"14","author":"Cook","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4030","article-title":"Host Microbiota Constantly Control Maturation and Function of Microglia in the CNS","volume":"18","author":"Erny","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2021.08.045","article-title":"Compositional and Functional Alterations of Gut Microbiota in Patients with Stroke","volume":"31","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, H., Gu, M., Li, Z., Chen, X., and Zhou, J. (2022). Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Acute Ischemic Stroke Associated with 3-Month Unfavorable Outcome. Front. Neurol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.799222"},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.121.036800","article-title":"Gut Microbiota and Their Metabolites in Stroke: A Double-Edged Sword","volume":"53","author":"Peh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e002699","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.115.002699","article-title":"Dysbiosis of Gut Microbiota with Reduced Trimethylamine-N-Oxide Level in Patients with Large-Artery Atherosclerotic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack","volume":"4","author":"Yin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc. Cardiovasc. Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng, S., Zheng, H., Wei, Y., Lin, X., Gu, Y., Guo, X., Fan, Z., Li, H., Cheng, S., and Liu, S. (2024). Gut Microbiome and Stroke: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomisation Study in East Asian and European Populations. Stroke Vasc. Neurol.","DOI":"10.1136\/svn-2023-002717"},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Y.-Z., Huang, Z.-Y., Zhou, W.-W., Li, Z.-Y., Li, X.-P., Chen, S.-S., and Ma, J.-K. (2024). Uncovering the Characteristics of the Gut Microbiota in Patients with Ischemic Stroke and Hemorrhagic Stroke. Sci. Rep., 14.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-62606-x"},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.1861","article-title":"Dysbiosis of Gut Microbiota and Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Acute Ischemic Stroke and the Subsequent Risk for Poor Functional Outcomes","volume":"45","author":"Tan","year":"2021","journal-title":"JPEN J. Parenter. Enter. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4068","article-title":"Commensal Microbiota Affects Ischemic Stroke Outcome by Regulating Intestinal \u03b3\u03b4T Cells","volume":"22","author":"Benakis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e012865","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.012865","article-title":"Plant-Based Diets Are Associated with a Lower Risk of Incident Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Disease Mortality, and All-Cause Mortality in a General Population of Middle-Aged Adults","volume":"8","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Livantsova, E.N., Leonov, G.E., Starodubova, A.V., Varaeva, Y.R., Vatlin, A.A., Koshechkin, S.I., Korotkova, T.N., and Nikityuk, D.B. (2024). Diet and the Gut Microbiome as Determinants Modulating Metabolic Outcomes in Young Obese Adults. Biomedicines, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12071601"},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-022-02942-8","article-title":"Vegetarian and Vegan Diets and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease, Ischemic Heart Disease and Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies","volume":"62","author":"Dybvik","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u2019Agostino, S., Ferrara, E., Valentini, G., Stoica, S.A., and Dolci, M. (2022). Exploring Oral Microbiome in Healthy Infants and Children: A Systematic Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191811403"},{"key":"ref_231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Belstr\u00f8m, D., Holmstrup, P., Nielsen, C.H., Kirkby, N., Twetman, S., Heitmann, B.L., Klepac-Ceraj, V., Paster, B.J., and Fiehn, N.-E. (2014). Bacterial Profiles of Saliva in Relation to Diet, Lifestyle Factors, and Socioeconomic Status. J. Oral Microbiol., 6.","DOI":"10.3402\/jom.v6.23609"},{"key":"ref_232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-024-01680-3","article-title":"Oral Bacteria Relative Abundance in Faeces Increases Due to Gut Microbiota Depletion and Is Linked with Patient Outcomes","volume":"9","author":"Liao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nicholson, J.S., and Landry, K.S. (2022). Oral Dysbiosis and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Correlations and Potential Causations. Microorganisms, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10071326"},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bertolini, M., Costa, R.C., Bar\u00e3o, V.A.R., Villar, C.C., Retamal-Valdes, B., Feres, M., and Silva Souza, J.G. (2022). Oral Microorganisms and Biofilms: New Insights to Defeat the Main Etiologic Factor of Oral Diseases. Microorganisms, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10122413"},{"key":"ref_235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e19","DOI":"10.1002\/imt2.19","article-title":"Standardized Studies of the Oral Microbiome: From Technology-Driven to Hypothesis-Driven","volume":"1","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"iMeta"},{"key":"ref_236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schminke, B., Kauffmann, P., Brockmeyer, P., Miosge, N., Lenz, C., and Schubert, A. (2023). The Proteomes of Oral Cells Change during Co-Cultivation with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Eikenella corrodens. Biomedicines, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11030700"}],"container-title":["Microorganisms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/12\/8\/1732\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:40:56Z","timestamp":1760110856000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/12\/8\/1732"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]]},"references-count":236,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["microorganisms12081732"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms12081732","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2607"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2607","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]]}}}