{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:10:33Z","timestamp":1787505033512,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]],"date-time":"2024-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CAPES: Foundation Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel","award":["1959\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1959\/2015"]}]},{"name":"CAPES: Foundation Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel","award":["465725\/2014-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["465725\/2014-7"]}]},{"name":"the Postgraduate Program in Animal Science at the Universidade Estadual de Londrina\u2014UEL","award":["1959\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1959\/2015"]}]},{"name":"the Postgraduate Program in Animal Science at the Universidade Estadual de Londrina\u2014UEL","award":["465725\/2014-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["465725\/2014-7"]}]},{"name":"INCT-Leite: National Institute of Science and Technology for the Milk Production Chain","award":["1959\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1959\/2015"]}]},{"name":"INCT-Leite: National Institute of Science and Technology for the Milk Production Chain","award":["465725\/2014-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["465725\/2014-7"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cryptosporidium spp. is one of the most important pathogens infecting nursing calves worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the intestinal microbiota of dairy calves during the first month of life and the impact of diarrhea caused by Cryptosporidium on a Brazilian farm. Fecal samples from 30 calves were collected during the first month of life, and fecal scores were recorded. Samples from the second, third, and fourth days of life were analyzed by DNA sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. In addition, samples of sixteen calves positive for Cryptosporidium spp. were retrospectively chosen according to the development of diarrhea: four and two days before diarrhea, at the onset of diarrhea, after four days of diarrhea, at the end of diarrhea, and after six days of diarrhea resolution. Diarrhea was observed in all calves (100%), starting at day 5 of life, and all calves tested positive for Cryptosporidium in at least one sample. The microbiota richness increased with age but was retarded by diarrhea. Compositional changes associated with Cryptosporidium infection included increases in Fusobacterium, Prevotella, and Peptostreptococcus, as well as decreases in Collinsella and Lachnospiraceae. In conclusion, Cryptosporidium infection has the potential to decrease richness and change the composition of the intestinal microbiota of dairy calves.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12091744","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]],"date-time":"2024-08-23T12:38:43Z","timestamp":1724416723000},"page":"1744","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Development of the Intestinal Microbiota of Dairy Calves and Changes Associated with Cryptosporidium spp. Infection in Brazil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Ant\u00f4nio","family":"Bessegatto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid (PR 445) Km 380, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1180-703X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00falio Augusto Naylor","family":"Lisb\u00f4a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid (PR 445) Km 380, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felippe Danyel Cardoso","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid (PR 445) Km 380, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8522-035X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta Lemos","family":"Freire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid (PR 445) Km 380, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elias Jorge","family":"Facury Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais\u2014UFMG, Av. Ant\u00f4nio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7024-4487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amauri Alcindo","family":"Alfieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid (PR 445) Km 380, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5067-7501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcio C.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, 3200 Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2013.10.019","article-title":"Factors associated with morbidity, mortality, and growth of dairy heifer calves up to 3 months of age","volume":"113","author":"Windeyer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prev. 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