{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T22:09:54Z","timestamp":1790114994226,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria","award":["210\/03.08.2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["210\/03.08.2023"]}]},{"name":"Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria","award":["N 8254\/23.11.2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N 8254\/23.11.2022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of the present work was to genetically characterise cefotaxime-resistant enterobacteria isolated from community carriers in Bulgaria. In total, 717 faecal samples from children and adults in five medical centres in Sofia, Pleven and Burgas were examined. Antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated by the disk diffusion method. blaESBL or plasmidic AmpC (pAmpC) genes were detected by PCR and sequencing. MLST and ERIC-PCR were used to detect clonal relatedness. Among the faecal samples, 140 cefotaxime-resistant enterobacteria were found. The most frequently detected species was Escherichia coli (77.9%, 109\/140 samples), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (7.9%, 11\/140). Among the isolates, blaCTX-M-15 (37.1%) was predominant, followed by blaCTX-M-3 (19.2%), blaCTX-M-14 (10%), and blaCTX-M-27 (4.3 %). Genes encoding pAmpC were observed in 11.4% (blaDHA-1, 16\/140) and in 1.4% (blaCMY-2, 2\/140). The frequency of ESBL and pAmpC producers among the subjects was 14.6% and 2.5%, respectively. No carbapenem-resistant isolates were found. Four main clonal complexes (CC131, CC10, CC38, and CC155) were detected among E. coli isolates. The most common type was ST131, phylogroup B2 (16.5%). The increased frequency of ESBL- and pAmpC-producing enterobacteria in the community is a prerequisite for treatment failures of the associated infections and a good background for further studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12091777","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T03:57:06Z","timestamp":1724817426000},"page":"1777","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase- and Plasmidic AmpC-Producing Enterobacterales among the Faecal Samples in the Bulgarian Community"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Petya","family":"Stankova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Medical University, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9622-0873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lyudmila","family":"Boyanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Medical University, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Atanasova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Diagnostic Laboratory \u201cLina\u201d, 8000 Burgas, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sashka","family":"Mihaylova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Diagnostic Laboratory \u201cLina\u201d, 8000 Burgas, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariya","family":"Sredkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Centre \u201cExacta Medica\u201d, Institute of Science and Research, Medical University, 5803 Pleven, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raina","family":"Gergova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Medical University, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5657-9443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kalina","family":"Mihova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Medicine Centre, Medical University, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1634-8768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rumyana","family":"Markovska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Medical University, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.01.003","article-title":"Performance of disk diffusion and broth microdilution for fosfomycin susceptibility testing of multi-drug resistant clinical isolates of Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"21","author":"Mojica","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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