{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T23:20:05Z","timestamp":1793920805247,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,31]],"date-time":"2024-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725062400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Korean Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases","award":["2023090EDDA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023090EDDA"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018688","name":"KDCA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023090EDDA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023090EDDA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018688","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A resurgence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP)\u2014the leading cause of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia, particularly in children\u2014occurred following the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to investigate the clinical manifestations, macrolide resistance patterns, and therapeutic approaches related to the MP pneumonia epidemic. Children and adolescents diagnosed with MP pneumonia in September\u2013December 2023 were screened. Clinical data were retrospectively collected from 13 major hospitals using concordant microbiological criteria, including either a positive PCR result or four-fold increase in serological markers. Demographic characteristics, treatment modalities, and clinical outcomes were analyzed. Of the 474 screened patients, 374 (median age: 7.7 [IQR, 5.4\u20139.6] years; hospitalization rate: 88.6%) met the microbiological confirmation criteria. Most patients experienced fever (98.9%), and lobular\/lobar consolidation (59.1%) was the dominant radiological finding. The macrolide resistance rate remained high at 87.0%; corticosteroids were widely used (55.6%) alongside macrolides, despite resistance. Patients with consolidation had prolonged fever (median 8 vs. 7 days, p = 0.020) and higher hospitalization rates (92.3% vs. 83.0%, p = 0.008). Macrolide resistance did not significantly influence radiological outcomes. This study highlights the ongoing challenge of macrolide resistance in MP pneumonia and need for tailored therapeutic approaches. Despite high resistance, macrolides remain commonly prescribed, often concurrently with corticosteroids.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12091806","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]],"date-time":"2024-09-02T03:45:21Z","timestamp":1725248721000},"page":"1806","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Clinical Manifestations, Macrolide Resistance, and Treatment Utilization Trends of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia in Children and Adolescents in South Korea"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8191-0812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joon Kee","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8912-6982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taekjin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yae-Jean","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyungwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doo Ri","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyungwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Areum","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyungwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0513-8407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyun Mi","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye Ji","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3147-9061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Byung Wook","family":"Eun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Eulji University Eulji General Hospital, Seoul 01830, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young June","family":"Choe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Anam Hospital, and Allergy and Immunology Center, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0107-0724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyunju","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0987-4180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young Min","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun Young","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung Min","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byung Ok","family":"Kwak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul 07441, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su Eun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyo Jin","family":"Jo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae Hong","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dayun","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children\u2019s Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5857-0749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eun Hwa","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children\u2019s Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0798-6779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ki Wook","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children\u2019s Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1405870","article-title":"Community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization among U.S. children","volume":"372","author":"Jain","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. 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