{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T02:01:41Z","timestamp":1779328901076,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of the Sunshine Coast"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recent genomic characterisation of translocating Escherichia coli HMLN-1 isolated from mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) and blood of a patient with a fatal case of pancreatitis revealed the presence of a type 6 secretion system (T6SS) that was not present in non-translocating E. coli strains. This strain was also genomically similar to adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC) LF82 pathotype. We aimed to identify the role of T6SS-1 in the pathogenesis of this strain and other pathogenic E. coli. The HMLN-1 strain was initially tested for the presence of six virulence genes (VGs) associated with AIEC strains and an iron sequestering system. Additionally, HMLN-1\u2019s interaction with a co-culture of Caco-2:HT29-MTX cells and its intra-macrophagic survival was evaluated. We subsequently screened a collection of 319 pathogenic E. coli strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infection (UTI), diarrhoea, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and septicaemia for the presence of T6SS-1 and its expression related to adhesion, invasion and translocation via the above co-culture of the intestinal cell lines. The results showed that HMLN-1 harboured four of the AIEC-associated VGs (dsbA, htrA, ompC and afaC). Screening of the pathogenic E. coli collection detected the presence of the T6SS-1 genes in septicaemic and UTI E. coli strains at a significantly higher level than diarrhoea and IBD strains (p &lt; 0.0001). The high expression of T6SS-1 in E. coli HMLN-1 upon adhesion and invasion, as well as its high prevalence among extra-intestinal E. coli strains, suggests a role for T6SS-1 in the pathogenesis of translocating E. coli.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12091851","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T06:18:35Z","timestamp":1725603515000},"page":"1851","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Identification of Virulence Genes Associated with Pathogenicity of Translocating Escherichia coli with Special Reference to the Type 6 Secretion System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Behnoush","family":"Asgari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2243-7126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jarred R.","family":"Burke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558, Australia"},{"name":"Servatus Biopharmaceuticals, Coolum Beach, QLD 4573, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3787-0993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bonnie L.","family":"Quigley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558, Australia"},{"name":"Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1180-7688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgia","family":"Bradford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5998-863X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Hatje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3576-3705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Kuballa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558, Australia"},{"name":"School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5486-0469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Katouli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Poole, N.M., Green, S.I., Rajan, A., Vela, L.E., Zeng, X.L., Estes, M.K., and Maresso, A.W. 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