{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:56:30Z","timestamp":1787028990683,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726099200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Empyema necessitatis is a rare complication of an untreated or inadequately controlled empyema. We present the case of an 11-year-old female adolescent living in precarious conditions, overcrowding, incomplete vaccinations, irregular dental hygiene, and no significant family or personal medical history. The patient started with symptoms one week prior to her hospitalization, presenting a persistent sporadic dry cough, and was later diagnosed with complicated pneumonia, resulting in the placement of an endopleural tube. Vancomycin (40 mg\/kg\/day) and ceftriaxone (75 mg\/kg\/day) were administered. However, the clinical evolution was unfavorable, with fever and respiratory distress, so a right jugular catheter was placed. The CT scan showed a loculated collection that occupied the entire right lung parenchyma and pneumothorax at the right upper lobe level. After four days of treatment, the patient still presented purulent drainage with persistent right pleural effusion syndrome. P. melaninogenica and D. pneumosintes were identified from the purulent collection on the upper right lobe, so the antimicrobial treatment was adapted to a glycopeptide, Teicoplanin, at a weight-based dosing of 6 mg\/kg\/day and Metronidazole at a weight-based dosing of 30 mg\/kg\/day. In addition, VAC therapy was used for 26 days with favorable resolution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12091881","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T08:04:09Z","timestamp":1726128249000},"page":"1881","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Empyema Necessitatis Caused by Prevotella melaninogenica and Dialister pneumosintes Resolved with Vacuum-Assisted Closure System: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Esteban Bladimir","family":"Mart\u00ednez Castrej\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, IMSS-BIENESTAR. Calle Gustavo E. Campa 54, Col. Guadalupe Inn, Alcald\u00eda \u00c1lvaro Obreg\u00f3n, Mexico City 01020, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Reina-Bautista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Infectology Unit, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, IMSS-BIENESTAR. Calle Gustavo E. Campa 54, Col. Guadalupe Inn, Alcald\u00eda \u00c1lvaro Obreg\u00f3n, Mexico City 01020, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra Tania","family":"Ventura-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, IMSS-BIENESTAR. Calle Gustavo E. Campa 54, Col. Guadalupe Inn, Alcald\u00eda \u00c1lvaro Obreg\u00f3n, Mexico City 01020, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Araceli","family":"Maldonado Cisneros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, IMSS-BIENESTAR. Calle Gustavo E. Campa 54, Col. Guadalupe Inn, Alcald\u00eda \u00c1lvaro Obreg\u00f3n, Mexico City 01020, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica Alejandra","family":"Ju\u00e1rez Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, IMSS-BIENESTAR. Calle Gustavo E. Campa 54, Col. Guadalupe Inn, Alcald\u00eda \u00c1lvaro Obreg\u00f3n, Mexico City 01020, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel Alejandro S\u00e1nchez","family":"Dur\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, IMSS-BIENESTAR. Calle Gustavo E. Campa 54, Col. Guadalupe Inn, Alcald\u00eda \u00c1lvaro Obreg\u00f3n, Mexico City 01020, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Aguilar Ventura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, IMSS-BIENESTAR. Calle Gustavo E. Campa 54, Col. Guadalupe Inn, Alcald\u00eda \u00c1lvaro Obreg\u00f3n, Mexico City 01020, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar Esteban","family":"Valencia-Ledezma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, IMSS-BIENESTAR. Calle Gustavo E. Campa 54, Col. Guadalupe Inn, Alcald\u00eda \u00c1lvaro Obreg\u00f3n, Mexico City 01020, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3160-8698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Guadalupe","family":"Fr\u00edas-De-Le\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, IMSS-BIENESTAR. Calle Gustavo E. Campa 54, Col. Guadalupe Inn, Alcald\u00eda \u00c1lvaro Obreg\u00f3n, Mexico City 01020, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Garc\u00eda Salazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, IMSS-BIENESTAR. Calle Gustavo E. Campa 54, Col. Guadalupe Inn, Alcald\u00eda \u00c1lvaro Obreg\u00f3n, Mexico City 01020, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1277-7170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Alberto","family":"Castro-Fuentes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, IMSS-BIENESTAR. Calle Gustavo E. Campa 54, Col. Guadalupe Inn, Alcald\u00eda \u00c1lvaro Obreg\u00f3n, Mexico City 01020, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"32","article-title":"Empiema necessitatis: Una complicaci\u00f3n poco frecuente de una neumon\u00eda. Reporte de un caso","volume":"47","author":"Vernaza","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr. Panam\u00e1"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"506","article-title":"Empyema necessitans and acute osteomyelitis associated with community acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in an infant","volume":"29","author":"Contreras","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biomedica"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"85","article-title":"Empiema necessitatis por Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"73","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neumol. Cir. 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Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.18566\/medupb.v39n1.a10","article-title":"Empiema Necessitatis: Reporte de un caso","volume":"39","author":"Giraldo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. UPB"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K\u00f6nonen, E., and Gursoy, U.K. (2022). Oral Prevotella Species and Their Connection to Events of Clinical Relevance in Gastrointestinal and Respiratory Tracts. Front. Microbiol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.798763"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1007\/s11748-021-01601-9","article-title":"Unusual presentation of empyema necessitans: Case report and review of the literature","volume":"69","author":"Patrick","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gen. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"1","article-title":"Empyema necessitatis","volume":"60","author":"Toledo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev. 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Bronconeumol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2012.08.009","article-title":"The use of vacuum-assisted wound closure therapy in thoracic operations","volume":"94","author":"Begum","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivt093","article-title":"Minimally invasive vacuum-assisted closure therapy in the management of complex pleural empyema","volume":"17","author":"Sziklavari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Interact. Cardiovasc. Thorac. Surg."}],"container-title":["Microorganisms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/12\/9\/1881\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:54:45Z","timestamp":1760111685000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/12\/9\/1881"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["microorganisms12091881"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms12091881","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2607"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2607","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]]}}}