{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T15:13:52Z","timestamp":1768490032945,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727395200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health","award":["5M-2021-23683787"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5M-2021-23683787"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health","award":["101046203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101046203"]}]},{"name":"European Commission","award":["5M-2021-23683787"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5M-2021-23683787"]}]},{"name":"European Commission","award":["101046203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101046203"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The freshwater environment is suitable for nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTMs) growth. Their high adaptability represents a considerable risk for sanitary water systems, which are a potential vector for NTMs transmission. This study investigated the occurrence of NTMs, such as Mycobacterium saskatchewanense, in hospital water systems to support the surveillance and control of potentially pathogenic NTMs. We analyzed 722 ultrapure dialysis fluid samples from Emilia Romagna Dialysis Services. Among these, 35 samples were found to be positive for M. saskatchewanense. The strains were characterized using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and variability analysis was carried out along the whole M. saskatchewanense genome. This investigation revealed the exclusive presence of M. saskatchewanense in these dialysis machines, with low genetic variability among all strains (with a low number of different alleles: &lt;15). The strong similarity among the strain groups was also confirmed in the WGS-based ML tree, with very few significant nodes, and no clusters were identified. This research highlights the necessity of implementing surveillance protocols and investigating any potential link to human infections, as well as stressing the urgency of enhancing surveillance and infection control measures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12101953","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T03:44:13Z","timestamp":1727408653000},"page":"1953","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Sanitary Waters: Is It Worth Looking for Mycobacteria?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Angela","family":"Cannas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Infectious Diseases \u201cLazzaro Spallanzani\u201d IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8076-7217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Messina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Infectious Diseases \u201cLazzaro Spallanzani\u201d IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2326-7464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola","family":"Dal Monte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Surgical & Medical Sciences-DIMEC, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3254-9239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Bisognin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology 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Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ornella","family":"Butera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Infectious Diseases \u201cLazzaro Spallanzani\u201d IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Ferraro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5369-0437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Nisii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Infectious Diseases \u201cLazzaro Spallanzani\u201d IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Vecchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collective Prevention and Public Health Sector, Directorate General for Personal Care, Health and Welfare, 40100 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Mattei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collective Prevention and Public Health Sector, Directorate General for Personal Care, Health and Welfare, 40100 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Diegoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collective Prevention and Public Health Sector, Directorate General for Personal Care, Health and Welfare, 40100 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Santoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical & Medical Sciences-DIMEC, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gian Luigi","family":"Belloli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collective Prevention and Public Health Sector, Directorate General for Personal Care, Health and Welfare, 40100 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8182-5896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrico","family":"Girardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Infectious Diseases \u201cLazzaro Spallanzani\u201d IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3093-363X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiziana","family":"Lazzarotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Surgical & Medical Sciences-DIMEC, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5012-7355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vittorio","family":"Sambri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical & Medical Sciences-DIMEC, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Operative Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Hub Laboratory, 47522 Pievesestina, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2198-1947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Fontana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Infectious Diseases \u201cLazzaro Spallanzani\u201d IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song, M.J., Kim, D.H., Kim, S.Y., Kang, N., 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