{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T18:07:06Z","timestamp":1783966026226,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]],"date-time":"2024-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Government of Canada\u2019s Genomics R&amp;D Initiative"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The global spread of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) poses a significant threat to public health. While antibiotics effectively treat bacterial infections, they can also induce gut dysbiosis, the severity of which varies depending on the specific antibiotic treatment used. However, it remains unclear how gut dysbiosis affects the mobility and dynamics of ARGs. To address this, mice were pre-treated with streptomycin, ampicillin, or sulfamethazine, and then orally inoculated with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and S. Heidelberg carrying a multi-drug resistance IncA\/C plasmid. The streptomycin pre-treatment caused severe microbiome perturbation, promoting the high-density colonization of S. Heidelberg and S. Typhimurium, and enabling an IncA\/C transfer from S. Heidelberg to S. Typhimurium and a commensal Escherichia coli. The ampicillin pre-treatment induced moderate microbiome perturbation, supporting only S. Heidelberg colonization and the IncA\/C transfer to commensal E. coli. The sulfamethazine pre-treatment led to mild microbiome perturbation, favoring neither Salmonella spp. colonization nor a conjugative plasmid transfer. The degree of gut dysbiosis also influenced the enrichment or depletion of the ARGs associated with mobile plasmids or core commensal bacteria, respectively. These findings underscore the significance of pre-existing gut dysbiosis induced by various antibiotic treatments on ARG dissemination and may inform prudent antibiotic use practices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12112148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]],"date-time":"2024-10-25T07:51:29Z","timestamp":1729842689000},"page":"2148","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["How Gut Microbiome Perturbation Caused by Antibiotic Pre-Treatments Affected the Conjugative Transfer of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Gokhan","family":"Yilmaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ottawa Laboratory-Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON K2J 4S1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ottawa Laboratory-Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON K2J 4S1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Calvin Ho-Fung","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ottawa Laboratory-Carling, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Z, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Capitani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ottawa Laboratory-Carling, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Z, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingsong","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ottawa Laboratory-Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON K2J 4S1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Charron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ottawa Laboratory-Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON K2J 4S1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Hoover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ottawa Laboratory-Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON K2J 4S1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Topp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agroecology Research Unit, INRAE, University of Burgundy, 21065 Dijon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1322-6514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiewen","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ottawa Laboratory-Fallowfield, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON K2J 4S1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar3777","article-title":"Genomic insights into the emergence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacterial pathogens","volume":"360","author":"Baker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00989-17","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00989-17","article-title":"Novel antibiotic resistance determinants from agricultural soil exposed to antibiotics widely used in human medicine and animal farming","volume":"83","author":"Lau","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. 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