{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T21:04:12Z","timestamp":1790197452738,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Antibiotic resistance among pathogenic bacteria in humans and animals poses a critical public health challenge, leading to diminished effectiveness of existing antimicrobial treatments. Notably, animal-derived food products are significant vectors for the transmission of resistant bacteria to humans, with Salmonella species being predominant culprits in foodborne illnesses. This study investigates the prevalence and antibiotic resistance patterns of Salmonella serovars isolated from traditionally sourced pork meat in Romania. Over a four-year period, 208 pork samples were collected using standardized protocols during traditional slaughtering practices. Salmonella spp. were isolated following ISO 6579:2002 guidelines and confirmed using biochemical assays and PCR. Serotyping was performed using specific antisera, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted through the standard disk diffusion method, assessing 11 antibiotics. Results indicated a 23.07% prevalence of Salmonella, with 48 isolates categorized into eight serovars, primarily S. Infantis (n = 15), S. Typhimurium (n = 15), and S. Derby (n = 11). PCR results confirmed the presence of Salmonella by detecting the hilA and ompC genes, with 31.25% of isolates being positive for the Typhimurium-specific sequence. Notably, 93.75% of the isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR), exhibiting high resistance rates against streptomycin (91.66%) (&gt;10 \u00b5g), tetracycline (83.33%) (&gt;30 \u00b5g), and sulfamethoxazole (68.75%) (&gt;300 \u00b5g). More than 60% of MDR isolates displayed resistance to five or more antibiotics. These findings underscore the need for coordinated control measures in the pork production chain to combat the spread of Salmonella and protect public health. Enhanced surveillance and intervention strategies are crucial for addressing antibiotic resistance and reducing the risk of foodborne illnesses linked to contaminated animal products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12112196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T08:44:04Z","timestamp":1730364244000},"page":"2196","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Evaluation of Multidrug Resistance of Salmonella Isolated from Pork Meat Obtained from Traditional Slaughter Systems in Romania"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Alexandra","family":"T\u0103b\u0103ran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Husbandry and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2832-259X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sorin Danel","family":"Dan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Husbandry and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1577-4861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liora Mihaela","family":"Coloba\u0163iu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Devices, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Victor Babes Street No. 8, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marian","family":"Mihaiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Husbandry and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergiu","family":"Condor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Husbandry and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9246-1677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodica","family":"M\u0103rg\u0103oan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Husbandry and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3854-8939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oana Lucia","family":"Cri\u015fan-Reget","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Husbandry and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Muteeb, G., Rehman, M.T., Shahwan, M., and Aatif, M. 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