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These strains are known as plant and animal cross-kingdom pathogenic bacteria. In this study, we established an alfalfa root infection model and a mouse model via the gavage administration of the Pantoea alfalfae CQ10 (CQ10) bacterial suspension. It was confirmed that the CQ10 strain caused bacterial leaf blight of alfalfa. Mice inoculated with 0.4 mL of 109 cfu\/mL bacterial suspension developed clinical symptoms 48 h later, such as diminished vitality, tendencies to huddle, and lack of appetite, including severe lesions in stomach, liver, kidney, and spleen tissues. CQ10 strains were isolated from mouse feces at different time points of inoculation. Thus, CQ10 is a plant and animal cross-kingdom pathogenic bacterium. Transcriptome and proteome analyses showed that biofilm and iron uptake are important virulence factors of the pathogen CQ10, among which Bap and Lpp regulating biofilm are the key cross-kingdom virulence genes of CQ10. From an evolutionary perspective, insights gained from this dual animal\u2013plant pathogen system may help to elucidate the molecular basis underlying the host specificity of bacterial pathogens. The result provides a theoretical basis for the risk assessment, prevention, and control strategies of new pathogenic bacteria entering a new region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12112197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T08:44:04Z","timestamp":1730364244000},"page":"2197","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cross-Kingdom Pathogenesis of Pantoea alfalfae CQ10: Insights from Transcriptome and Proteome Analyses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Su","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Pratacultural College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Pratacultural College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoni","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Pratacultural College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6210-302X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenfen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Pratacultural College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00779-w","article-title":"Soil microbiomes and one health","volume":"21","author":"Banerjee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. 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