{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T09:37:09Z","timestamp":1792489029310,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This review aimed to identify newly discovered bacteria from individuals with periodontal\/peri-implant diseases and organize them into new clusters (GF-MoR complexes) to update Socransky\u2019s complexes (1998). For methodological development, the PCC (Population, Concept, Context) strategy was used for the focus question construction: \u201cIn patients with periodontal and\/or peri-implant disease, what bacteria (microorganisms) were detected through laboratory assays?\u201d The search strategy was applied to PubMed\/MEDLINE, PubMed Central, and Embase. The search key terms, combined with Boolean markers, were (1) bacteria, (2) microbiome, (3) microorganisms, (4) biofilm, (5) niche, (6) native bacteria, (7) gingivitis), (8) periodontitis, (9) peri-implant mucositis, and (10) peri-implantitis. The search was restricted to the period 1998\u20132024 and the English language. The bacteria groups in the oral cavity obtained\/found were retrieved and included in the GF-MoR complexes, which were based on the disease\/condition, presenting six groups: (1) health, (2) gingivitis, (3) peri-implant mucositis, (4) periodontitis, (5) peri-implantitis, and (6) necrotizing and molar\u2013incisor (M-O) pattern periodontitis. The percentual found per group refers to the number of times a specific bacterium was found to be associated with a particular disease. A total of 381 articles were found: 162 articles were eligible for full-text reading (k = 0.92). Of these articles, nine were excluded with justification, and 153 were included in this review (k = 0.98). Most of the studies reported results for the health condition, periodontitis, and peri-implantitis (3 out of 6 GF-MoR clusters), limiting the number of bacteria found in the other groups. Therefore, it became essential to understand that bacterial colonization is a dynamic process, and the bacteria present in one group could also be present in others, such as those observed with the bacteria found in all groups (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannarela forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans) (GF-MoR\u2019s red triangle). The second most observed bacteria were grouped in GF-MoR\u2019s blue triangle: Porphyromonas spp., Prevotela spp., and Treponema spp., which were present in five of the six groups. The third most detected bacteria were clustered in the grey polygon (GF-MoR\u2019s grey polygon): Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Campylobacter rectus, and Eikenella corrodens. These three geometric shapes had the most relevant bacteria to periodontal and peri-implant diseases. Specifically, per group, GF-MoR\u2019s health group had 58 species; GF-MoR\u2019s gingivitis group presented 16 bacteria; GF-MoR\u2019s peri-implant mucositis included 17 bacteria; GF-MoR\u2019s periodontitis group had 101 different bacteria; GF-MoR\u2019s peri-implantitis presented 61 bacteria; and the last group was a combination of necrotizing diseases and molar\u2013incisor (M-I) pattern periodontitis, with seven bacteria. After observing the top seven bacteria of all groups, all of them were found to be gram-negative. Groups 4 and 5 (periodontitis and peri-implantitis) presented the same top seven bacteria. For the first time in the literature, GF-MoR\u2019s complexes were presented, gathering bacteria data according to the condition found and including more bacteria than in Socransky\u2019s complexes. Based on this understanding, this study could drive future research into treatment options for periodontal and peri-implant diseases, guiding future studies and collaborations to prevent and worsen systemic conditions. Moreover, it permits the debate about the evolution of bacterial clusters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12112214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T12:31:32Z","timestamp":1730377892000},"page":"2214","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Revisiting Socransky\u2019s Complexes: A Review Suggesting Updated New Bacterial Clusters (GF-MoR Complexes) for Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3022-4390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo Vicentis Oliveira","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Missouri School of Dentistry & Oral Health, A. T. Still University, 1500 Park Ave, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace Anne","family":"Mosley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Missouri School of Dentistry & Oral Health, A. T. Still University, 1500 Park Ave, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Missouri School of Dentistry & Oral Health, A. T. Still University, 1500 Park Ave, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ally","family":"Dagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice, Plymouth, MI 48170, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0103-2368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno Gomes dos Santos","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7603-3544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana Campos Hasse","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Researcher, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034514521814","article-title":"Candida and other fungal species: Forgotten players of healthy oral microbiota","volume":"93","author":"Krom","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-018-1505-3","article-title":"Insights into the human oral microbiome","volume":"200","author":"Verma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"FSO856","DOI":"10.2144\/fsoa-2023-0062","article-title":"The increasing importance of the oral microbiome in periodontal health and disease","volume":"9","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Future Sci. OA"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"1","article-title":"Periodontal therapy for hopeless mandibular anterior teeth: A retrospective case report with a multidisciplinary approach and a 20-year follow-up","volume":"66","author":"Fernandes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Sci. Dent."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2012.174","article-title":"The subgingival microbiome in health and periodontitis and its relationship with community biomass and inflammation","volume":"7","author":"Abusleme","year":"2013","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1998.tb02419.x","article-title":"Microbial complexes in subgingival plaque","volume":"25","author":"Socransky","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manakil, J. (2012). Microbiological Diagnosis for Periodontal Diseases\u2014A Clinician\u2019s Guide, IntechOpen.","DOI":"10.5772\/1274"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2013.09.001","article-title":"Immunomicrobial pathogenesis of periodontitis: Keystones, pathobionts, and host response","volume":"35","author":"Hajishengallis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.11607\/jomi.9659","article-title":"Surgical and non-surgical treatment perspectives for peri-implantitis: An overview of systematic reviews","volume":"37","author":"Martins","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fernandes, G.V.O. (2021). Peri-implantitis matter: Possibilities of treatment but without a strong predictability for solution. Enviro Dent. J., 3.","DOI":"10.12944\/EDJ.03.02.01"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.17219\/dmp\/187215","article-title":"Revisiting peri-implant diseases in order to rethink the future of compromised dental implants: Considerations, perspectives, treatment, and prognosis","volume":"61","author":"Fernandes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dent. Med. Probl."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.13684","article-title":"Prevalence and risk\/protective indicators of peri-implant diseases: A university-representative cross-sectional study","volume":"32","author":"Romandini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implant. Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2023.04.005","article-title":"Peri-implantitis and systemic inflammation: A critical update","volume":"35","author":"Assery","year":"2023","journal-title":"Saudi Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdulkareem, A.A., Al-Taweel, F.B., Al-Sharqi, A.J.B., Gul, S.S., Sha, A., and Chapple, I.L.C. (2023). Current concepts in the pathogenesis of periodontitis: From symbiosis to dysbiosis. J. Oral Microbiol., 15.","DOI":"10.1080\/20002297.2023.2197779"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.32604\/biocell.2023.024948","article-title":"Correlations among core species corresponding to the clinical staging of periodontitis","volume":"47","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biocell"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"45","article-title":"Reviewing the contemporary management of peri-implantitis","volume":"7","author":"Ganguli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Sci. Dent. Sci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22198","article-title":"Effectiveness and acceleration of bone repair in critical-sized rat calvarial defects using low-level laser therapy","volume":"46","author":"Fernandes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lasers Surg. Med."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"123","article-title":"Biomodula\u00e7\u00e3o do reparo \u00f3sseo com a utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de laserterapia de baixa pot\u00eancia","volume":"D2316","author":"Paula","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev. Flum. Odontol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rossi, R., Rispoli, L., L\u00f3pez, M.A., Netti, A., Petrini, M., and Piattelli, A. (2022). Photodynamic therapy by mean of 5-aminolevulinic acid for the management of periodontitis and peri-implantitis: A retrospective analysis of 20 patients. Antibiotics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11091267"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fernandes, G.V.O., and Fernandes, J.C.H. (2024). Revisiting and Rethinking on Staging (Severity and Complexity) Periodontitis from the New Classification System: A Critical Review with Suggestions for Adjustments and a Proposal of a New Flowchart. Preprints, 2024061763.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202406.1763.v1"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fernandes, G.V.O., and Fernandes, J.C.H. (2024). A New Artificial Intelligence (AI) Tool Used to Achieve a More Reliable and Precise Periodontal Risk Assessment, Diagnosis, and Prognosis (GF-PeDRA): A Pilot Study with 221 Patients. Preprints, 2024081646.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202408.1646.v1"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maurotto, M., Costa, L.G., Manso, M.C., Mosley, G.A., Fernandes, J.C.H., Fernandes, G.V.O., and Castro, F. (2024). Correlation between Periodontitis and Gastritis Induced by Helicobacter Pylori: A Comprehensive Review. Microorganisms, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12081579"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tavares, L.T.R., Saavedra-Silva, M., Marcos, J.F.L., Veiga, N.J., Castilho, R.M., and Fernandes, G.V.O. (2022). Blood and salivary inflammatory biomarkers profile in patients with chronic kidney disease and periodontal disease: A systematic review. Diseases, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases10010012"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2041-1014.2012.00663.x","article-title":"Beyond the red complex and into more complexity: The polymicrobial synergy and dysbiosis (PSD) model of periodontal disease etiology","volume":"27","author":"Hajishengallis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Oral Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2010.30","article-title":"Bacterial diversity in the oral cavity of 10 healthy individuals","volume":"4","author":"Bik","year":"2010","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587279","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/587279","article-title":"Mixed Red-Complex Bacterial Infection in Periodontitis","volume":"2013","author":"Suzuki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-775720140259","article-title":"Host response mechanisms in periodontal diseases","volume":"23","author":"Silva","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Appl. Oral Sci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13046","article-title":"An appraisal of the role of specific bacteria in the initial pathogenesis of periodontitis","volume":"46","author":"Bartold","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Krishnamurthy, B., Arshad, M., Jacob, B., Kumar, L., and Priya, D. (2014). Comparative expression of periodontal pathogens in pregnant women with periodontitis and diabetes in Indian population\u2014A case-control study. IOSR J. Dent. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Inquimbert, C., Bourgeois, D., Bravo, M., Viennot, S., Tramini, P., Llodra, J.C., Molinari, N., Dussart, C., Giraudeau, N., and Carrouel, F. (2019). The Oral Bacterial Microbiome of Interdental Surfaces in Adolescents According to Carious Risk. Microorganisms, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7090319"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tom\u00e1s, I., Regueira-Iglesias, A., L\u00f3pez, M.C., Arias-Bujanda, N., Novoa, L., Balsa-Castro, C., and Tom\u00e1s, M. (2017). Quantification by qPCR of Pathobionts in Chronic Periodontitis: Development of Predictive Models of Disease Severity at Site-Specific Level. Front. Microbiol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01443"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.4236\/ojst.2023.1310029","article-title":"Investigation of bacteria species most involved in peri-implantitis","volume":"13","author":"Murakami","year":"2023","journal-title":"Open J. Stomatol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2017.08.010","article-title":"Microbiological and clinical effects of an oral hygiene regimen","volume":"8","author":"Haraszthy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Contemp. Clin. Trials Commun."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2010.01666.x","article-title":"The characteristics of biofilms in peri-implant disease","volume":"38","author":"Mombelli","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijadhadh.2016.03.022","article-title":"Bacterial adhesion mechanisms on dental implant surfaces and the influencing factors","volume":"69","author":"Han","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Adhes. Adhes."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1111\/php.12901","article-title":"Is antimicrobial photodynamic therapy effective for microbial load reduction in peri-implantitis treatment? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"94","author":"Fraga","year":"2018","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2012578118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2012578118","article-title":"Human variation in gingival inflammation","volume":"118","author":"Bamashmous","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"359","article-title":"The microbiologic profile associated with peri-implantitis in humans: A systematic review","volume":"31","author":"Grusovin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implant."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.11138\/orl\/2017.10.3.234","article-title":"A new system of implant abutment connection: How to improve a two piece implant system sealing","volume":"10","author":"Grecchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oral Implantol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song, L., Jiang, J., Li, J., Zhou, C., Chen, Y., Lu, H., and He, F. (2022). The characteristics of microbiome and cytokines in healthy implants and peri-implantitis of the same individuals. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11195817"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1186\/s40729-021-00385-0","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of periodontal pathogen levels by real-time polymerase chain reaction in peri-implantitis patients","volume":"7","author":"Ito","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Implant. Dent."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"482","article-title":"Gingival state and presence of red complex bacteria in 12-year-old schoolchildren","volume":"24","author":"Fuente","year":"2022","journal-title":"Odovtos Int. J. Dent. Sci."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wirth, R., Pap, B., Mar\u00f3ti, G., V\u00e1lyi, P., Koml\u00f3si, L., Barta, N., Strang, O., Min\u00e1rovits, J., and Kov\u00e1cs, K.L. (2021). Toward personalized oral diagnosis: Distinct microbiome clusters in periodontitis biofilms. Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.747814"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13644","article-title":"Association of oral bacteria with oral hygiene habits and self-reported gingival bleeding","volume":"49","author":"Bertelsen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.4103\/jomfp.JOMFP_304_18","article-title":"Oral microbiome: Unveiling the fundamentals","volume":"23","author":"Deo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0722.2010.00782.x","article-title":"Effects of porphyromonas gingivalis infection on human gingival epithelial barrier function in vitro","volume":"118","author":"Groeger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oral Sci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rahimi, C., Rahimi, B., Padova, D., Rooholghodos, S.A., Bienek, D.R., Luo, X., Kaufman, G., and Raub, C.B. (2018). Oral mucosa-on-a-chip to assess layer-specific responses to bacteria and dental materials. Biomicrofluidics, 12.","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5048938"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-018-0089-x","article-title":"The oral microbiota: Dynamic communities and host interactions","volume":"16","author":"Lamont","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghensi, P., Manghi, P., Zolfo, M., Armanini, F., Pasolli, E., Bolzan, M., Bertelle, A., Dell\u2019Acqua, F., Dellasega, E., and Waldner, R. (2020). Strong oral plaque microbiome signatures for dental implant diseases identified by strain-resolution metagenomics. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes, 6.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-020-00155-7"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12047","article-title":"Comprehensive microbiological findings in peri-implantitis and periodontitis","volume":"40","author":"Koyanagi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2005.00852.x","article-title":"Effect of smoking on crevicular polymorphonuclear neutrophil function in periodontally healthy subjects","volume":"41","author":"Erler","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Periodontal Res."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1002\/bio.1233","article-title":"Morpho-functional modifications of human neutrophils induced by aqueous cigarette smoke extract: Comparison with chemiluminescence activity","volume":"26","author":"Zappacosta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Luminescence"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2004.00522.x","article-title":"Plasma antibody levels in periodontitis patients and controls","volume":"31","author":"Graswinckel","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-1581","article-title":"Differences in immune response to porphyromonas gingivalis","volume":"15","author":"Tebloeva","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Contemp. Dent. Pract."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2010.01592.x","article-title":"Determinants of serum IGG responses to periodontal bacteria in a nationally representative sample of US adults","volume":"37","author":"Vlachojannis","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1995.tb00176.x","article-title":"Some suspected periodontopathogens and serum antibody response in adult long-duration insulin-dependent diabetics","volume":"22","author":"Thorstensson","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Srimaneepong, V., Heboyan, A., Zafar, M.S., Khurshid, Z., Marya, A., Fernandes, G.V.O., and Rokaya, D. (2022). Fixed Prosthetic Restorations and Periodontal Health: A Narrative Review. J. Funct. Biomater., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb13010015"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Partouche, A.J.D., Castro, F., Baptista, A.S., Costa, L.G., Fernandes, J.C.H., and Fernandes, G.V.O. (2022). Effects of Multibracket Orthodontic Treatment versus Clear Aligners on Periodontal Health: An Integrative Review. Dent. J., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/dj10100177"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alarc\u00f3n-S\u00e1nchez, M.A., Heboyan, A., Fernandes, G.V.O., Castro-Alarc\u00f3n, N., and Romero-Castro, N.S. (2023). Potential Impact of Prosthetic Biomaterials on the Periodontium: A Comprehensive Review. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28031075"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Och\u00f4a, C., Castro, F., Bulhosa, J.F., Manso, C., Fernandes, J.C.H., and Fernandes, G.V.O. (2023). Influence of the Probiotic L. reuteri in the Nonsurgical Treatment of Periodontal Disease: A Systematic Review. Microorganisms, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11061449"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Purpura, S., Fernandes, G.V.O., Oliveira, F.P., and Castro, F.C. (2022). Effects of Melatonin in the Non-Surgical Treatment of Periodontitis: A Systematic Review. Appl. Sci., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/app122211698"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matsuo, Y., Komiya, S., Yasumizu, Y., Yasuoka, Y., Mizushima, K., Takagi, T., Kryukov, K., Fukuda, A., Morimoto, Y., and Naito, Y. (2021). Full-length 16s rRNA gene amplicon analysis of human gut microbiota using minion\u2122 nanopore sequencing confers species-level resolution. BMC Microbiol., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-021-02094-5"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Winand, R., Bogaerts, B., Hoffman, S., Lef\u00e8vre, L., Delvoye, M., Braekel, J.V., Fu, Q., Roosens, N.H., De Keersmaecker, S.C., and Vanneste, K. (2019). Targeting the 16s rRNA gene for bacterial identification in complex mixed samples: Comparative evaluation of second (Illumina) and third (Oxford Nanopore Technologies) generation sequencing technologies. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21010298"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heidrich, V., Inoue, L.T., Asprino, P.F., Bettoni, F., Mariotti, A.C.H., Bastos, D.A., Jardim, D.L.F., Arap, M.A., and Camargo, A.A. (2022). Choice of 16s ribosomal RNA primers impacts male urinary microbiota profiling. Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.862338"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hsieh, Y.-P., Hung, Y.-M., Tsai, M.-H., Lai, L.-C., and Chuang, E.Y. (2022). 16S-ITGDB: An integrated database for improving species classification of prokaryotic 16s ribosomal RNA sequences. Front. Bioinform., 2.","DOI":"10.3389\/fbinf.2022.905489"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eamsakulrat, P., Santanirand, P., and Phuphuakrat, A. (2022). Diagnostic yield and impact on antimicrobial management of 16s rRNA testing of clinical specimens. Microbiol. Spectr., 10.","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02094-22"}],"container-title":["Microorganisms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/12\/11\/2214\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:26:07Z","timestamp":1760113567000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/12\/11\/2214"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["microorganisms12112214"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms12112214","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2607"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2607","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]]}}}