{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T04:39:19Z","timestamp":1790397559146,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]],"date-time":"2024-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)","award":["302222\/2016-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["302222\/2016-2"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)","award":["423836\/2018-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["423836\/2018-8"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)","award":["46360.673.28686.05082021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["46360.673.28686.05082021"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)","award":["54758.924.28686.25102022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["54758.924.28686.25102022"]}]},{"name":"Research Support Foundation of the State of Para\u00edba (FAPESQ)","award":["302222\/2016-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["302222\/2016-2"]}]},{"name":"Research Support Foundation of the State of Para\u00edba (FAPESQ)","award":["423836\/2018-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["423836\/2018-8"]}]},{"name":"Research Support Foundation of the State of Para\u00edba (FAPESQ)","award":["46360.673.28686.05082021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["46360.673.28686.05082021"]}]},{"name":"Research Support Foundation of the State of Para\u00edba (FAPESQ)","award":["54758.924.28686.25102022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["54758.924.28686.25102022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Leptospira spp. infection in small ruminants is usually asymptomatic or presents nonspecific clinical signs and has an economic impact on goat farming and public health. The aim of this study was to carry out a systematic review with meta-analysis on the global seroprevalence and distribution of leptospirosis in goats. The methodology was based on the recommendations of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), and the review project was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO\u2014ID: CRD42023405693). Overall, 79 articles were included in the study. The global prevalence of leptospirosis in goats was 18.6% (CI 95% = 15.08\u201322.71%), with no publication bias and high heterogeneity. The records originated from South America (n = 32), Asia (n = 26), Europe (n = 8), North America (n = 7), and Africa (n = 6), and seropositivities were 17%, 19%, 12%, 34%, and 22%, respectively. It is concluded that Leptospira spp. infection is widespread in goat herds, including regions with semi-arid and arid climates, and it is suggested that the prospects for controlling the disease should focus on avoiding environmental contamination and improving management measures and sanitary practices. This important information provides guidance for actions to protect against human contamination and to control animal leptospirosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12122391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]],"date-time":"2024-11-22T04:21:36Z","timestamp":1732249296000},"page":"2391","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Insights on the Pooled Prevalence and Global Distribution of Leptospirosis in Goats: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8549-1125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roseane","family":"de Ara\u00fajo Portela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Animal Science and Health, Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Av. Universit\u00e1ria, s\/n, Patos 58708-110, PB, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e9cio Henrique","family":"Limeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Animal Science and Health, Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Av. Universit\u00e1ria, s\/n, Patos 58708-110, PB, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6724-6716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Artur Brilhante","family":"Bezerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Animal Science and Health, Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Av. Universit\u00e1ria, s\/n, Patos 58708-110, PB, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila Marinelli","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Av. General Carlos Cavalcanti 4748, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego Figueiredo","family":"da Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary University Hospital, Federal University of Para\u00edba (UFPB), Campus II, Areia 58397-000, PB, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina de Sousa Am\u00e9rico Batista","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Animal Science and Health, Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Av. Universit\u00e1ria, s\/n, Patos 58708-110, PB, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8187-955X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clebert Jos\u00e9","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Animal Science and Health, Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Av. 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