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Microorganisms are crucial for sustaining the local ecological equilibrium. However, the variability in soil microbial community diversity across different regions of the Antarctic Peninsula remains underexplored. (2) Methods: We utilized metagenome sequencing to investigate the composition and functionality of soil microbial communities in four locations: Devil Island, King George Island, Marambio Station, and Seymour Island. (3) Results: In the KGI region, we observed increased abundance of bacteria linked to plant growth promotion and the degradation of pollutants, including PAHs. Conversely, Marambio Station exhibited a significant reduction in bacterial abundance associated with iron and sulfur oxidation\/reduction. Notably, we identified 94 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) across 15 classes of antibiotics in Antarctic soils, with those related to aminoglycosides, \u03b2-lactamase, ribosomal RNA methyltransferase, antibiotic efflux, gene regulatory resistance, and ABC transporters showing a marked influence from anthropogenic activities. (4) Conclusions: This study carries substantial implications for the sustainable use, advancement, and conservation of microbial resources in Antarctic soils.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12122444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]],"date-time":"2024-11-28T03:21:23Z","timestamp":1732764083000},"page":"2444","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Macrogenomic Analysis Reveals Soil Microbial Diversity in Different Regions of the Antarctic Peninsula"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jiangyong","family":"Qu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofei","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianyi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhikai","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siluo","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xumin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2008.04073.x","article-title":"Influence of nutrients addition and bioaugmentation on the hydrocarbon biodegradation of a chronically contaminated Antarctic soil","volume":"106","author":"Ruberto","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. 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