{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T09:36:00Z","timestamp":1788946560856,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]],"date-time":"2024-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC)"},{"name":"Government of Alberta"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) has been widely used to track SARS-CoV-2 as well as many other viruses in communities during the COVID pandemic and post-pandemic. However, it is still not clear how temperature and storage time would influence the stability of viruses in wastewater. In this study, we assessed the stability of SARS-CoV-2, pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), influenza viruses A (IAV) and B (IBV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and enteric viruses in raw wastewater stored at room temperature, 4 \u00b0C, and \u221220 \u00b0C for 3 and 6 days. SARS-CoV-2, PMMoV, IAV, and enteric viruses were found to be stable up to 6 days after storing at room temperature or 4 \u00b0C. SARS-CoV-2 and RSV were more susceptible to freeze\u2013thaw cycles compared to PMMoV and enteric viruses, which were relatively stable for up to 6 days stored at \u221220 \u00b0C. Low detection of IBV in wastewater made it difficult to evaluate the impact. Based on our findings, we conclude that short-term storage or transportation of wastewater samples within 6 days at ambient temperature or 4 \u00b0C is acceptable for the majority of these viruses. Freezing samples at \u221220 \u00b0C for even short periods is not recommended for WBS of respiratory viruses. The data obtained from this study can provide guidance for quality assurance purposes from the operational aspects of wastewater surveillance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12122459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T03:50:57Z","timestamp":1733111457000},"page":"2459","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Impact of Sample Storage Time and Temperature on the Stability of Respiratory Viruses and Enteric Viruses in Wastewater"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8426-3796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Judy Y.","family":"Qiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J2, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5947-8648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richardson","family":"Mah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3728-1630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Logan A.","family":"Brand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melodie","family":"Barnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathew","family":"Diggle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J2, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graham","family":"Tipples","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J2, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2243","DOI":"10.1021\/acsestwater.2c00143","article-title":"Wastewater-Based Surveillance Is an Effective Tool for Trending COVID-19 Prevalence in Communities: A Study of 10 Major Communities for 17 Months in Alberta","volume":"2","author":"Pang","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS ES T Water"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.150121","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations in wastewater foreshadow dynamics and clinical presentation of new COVID-19 cases","volume":"805","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. 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