{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T15:01:40Z","timestamp":1785337300476,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]],"date-time":"2024-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21-64-00019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21-64-00019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation","award":["21-64-00019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21-64-00019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gold recovery from refractory pyrite-arsenopyrite concentrates using stirred tank reactor biooxidation is widely applied worldwide. Therefore, studies to address the characteristic problem of this technology are urgent. The goal of the present work was to research the possibility of counteracting the negative effects of unfavorable conditions (increasing pulp density and temperature) on the biooxidation of pyrite-arsenopyrite concentrate in laboratory-scale stirred tank reactors using additional carbon supply in the form of CO2. A refractory concentrate containing pyrite (48%) and arsenopyrite (13%) was used in biooxidation experiments. In the control experiment, biooxidation was performed under \u201cnormal conditions\u201d: temperature 40 \u00b0C, pulp density (solid to liquid ratio, S:L) 1:10, residence time 5 days. It was shown that under \u201cnormal conditions\u201d, additional carbon dioxide supply insignificantly affected the biooxidation rate and composition of the microbial population of biooxidation reactors. In addition, the effect of \u201cstressful conditions\u201d was studied. In this case, either temperature or pulp density were increased (up to 50 \u00b0C and S:L 1:5, respectively), which provided unfavorable conditions for biooxidation and led to the decrease in biooxidation rate. Under \u201cstressful conditions\u201d, additional carbon dioxide supply affected biooxidation to a greater extent and made it possible to increase both pyrite and arsenopyrite biooxidation rates. The analysis of microbial populations showed that additional carbon dioxide supply also changed their composition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12122463","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T09:00:10Z","timestamp":1733130010000},"page":"2463","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Biooxidation of a Pyrite-Arsenopyrite Concentrate Under Stressful Conditions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7914-9817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandr","family":"Bulaev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alena","family":"Artykova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Diubar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandr","family":"Kolosoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3174-2299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vitaliy","family":"Melamud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3555-3874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatiana","family":"Kolganova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexey","family":"Beletsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8245-8757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrey","family":"Mardanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2014.04.008","article-title":"Biomining\u2014Biotechnologies for extracting and recovering metals from ores and waste materials","volume":"30","author":"Johnson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. 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