{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T01:00:29Z","timestamp":1791594029537,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bangladesh Bureau of Education Information and Statistics (BANBEIS), Ministry of Education, People\u2019s Republic of Bangladesh","award":["#SD-2019967"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#SD-2019967"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The irrational use of antimicrobials has led to the emergence of resistance, impacting not only pathogenic bacteria but also commensal bacteria. Resistance against colistin, a last-resort antibiotic, mediated by globally disseminated plasmid-borne mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes, has raised significant global concerns. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance patterns of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) and mobilised colistin resistance (mcr 1\u20135) genes from broiler meat. A total of 570 broiler samples (285 liver and 285 muscle) were collected from 7 supermarkets and 11 live bird markets (LBMs) in Chattogram metropolitan areas of Bangladesh. The isolation and identification of E. coli were carried out using standard bacteriological and molecular techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was performed using the Kirby\u2013Bauer disc diffusion method, and colistin\u2019s minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by the broth microdilution (BMD) method. Colistin-resistant isolates were further tested for the presence of mcr (1\u20135) genes using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Out of the 570 samples, 311 (54.56%; 95% confidence interval: 50.46\u201358.60) were positive for E. coli. AST results showed the highest resistance to sulphamethoxazole\u2013trimethoprim (89.39%), while the highest susceptibility was observed for cefalexin (62.70%). A total of 296 isolates (95.18%) were found to be multidrug-resistant (MDR), with the multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index ranging from 0.38 to 1. Additionally, 41 isolates (13.18%) exhibited resistance to five antimicrobial classes, with resistance patterns of CIP + SXT + AMP + DO + TE + CT. A total of 233 isolates (74.92%) were resistant to colistin (MIC &gt; 2 mg\/L). A strong correlation between colistin resistance and the presence of the mcr-1 gene was observed (r = 1). All phenotypic colistin-resistant E. coli isolates carried the mcr-1 gene, while no isolates were positive for mcr (2\u20135). The detection of mcr genes in E. coli strains from poultry sources poses a significant risk, as these resistance genes can be transferred to humans through the food chain. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli and the mcr-1 gene in poultry products in Bangladesh presents a significant public health and food safety concern.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12122535","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T06:16:14Z","timestamp":1733724974000},"page":"2535","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Detection and Characterisation of Colistin-Resistant Escherichia coli in Broiler Meats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6496-2183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abu Zubayer","family":"Tanzin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Remount Veterinary and Farm Corps, Bangladesh Army, Savar, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh"},{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram 4225, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2040-0266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chandan","family":"Nath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram 4225, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5468-4178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Raihan Khan","family":"Nayem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Remount Veterinary and Farm Corps, Bangladesh Army, Savar, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh"},{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram 4225, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6626-4178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Abu","family":"Sayeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (NCEPH), College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahneaz Ali","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram 4225, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9157-8470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo Soares","family":"Magalhaes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Alliance for One Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John I.","family":"Alawneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Biosecurity and Product Integrity, Biosecurity Queensland, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6495-4637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Mahmudul","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram 4225, Bangladesh"},{"name":"Queensland Alliance for One Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00002-11","article-title":"Food animals and antimicrobials: Impacts on human health","volume":"24","author":"Marshall","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. 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