{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T15:09:41Z","timestamp":1784732981908,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)","award":["2017\/23205-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/23205-8"]}]},{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)","award":["2021\/11944-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\/11944-6"]}]},{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)","award":["2023\/12155-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023\/12155-0"]}]},{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)","award":["2019\/08528-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/08528-0"]}]},{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)","award":["2019\/07861-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/07861-8"]}]},{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)","award":["403075\/2023-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["403075\/2023-8"]}]},{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)","award":["305111\/2022-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["305111\/2022-1"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq)","award":["2017\/23205-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/23205-8"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq)","award":["2021\/11944-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\/11944-6"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq)","award":["2023\/12155-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023\/12155-0"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq)","award":["2019\/08528-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/08528-0"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq)","award":["2019\/07861-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/07861-8"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq)","award":["403075\/2023-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["403075\/2023-8"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq)","award":["305111\/2022-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["305111\/2022-1"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Butantan","award":["2017\/23205-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/23205-8"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Butantan","award":["2021\/11944-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\/11944-6"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Butantan","award":["2023\/12155-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023\/12155-0"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Butantan","award":["2019\/08528-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/08528-0"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Butantan","award":["2019\/07861-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/07861-8"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Butantan","award":["403075\/2023-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["403075\/2023-8"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Butantan","award":["305111\/2022-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["305111\/2022-1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Viral infections are one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality among patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Immunosuppression may lead to the reactivation of latent viruses or the acquisition of new infections, resulting in severe clinical outcomes. The early detection of viral reactivations is crucial for effective patient management and post-transplant care. In this study, we employed next-generation metagenomics to assess changes in viral abundance and detect clinically significant viruses in allogeneic HSCT patients. A total of 20 patients from the Transplant Unit of the University Hospital of the Faculty of Medicine of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo were included, with plasma samples collected at three time points: D + 0 (pre-transplantation), D + 30 (30 days post-transplantation), and D + 100 (~100 days post-transplantation). A higher presence of clinically relevant viruses, such as the cytomegalovirus (CMV), the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and adenoviruses, were predominantly detected at D + 30. The diversity of commensal viruses, primarily anelloviruses, increased gradually, with the highest abundance and variability detected at D + 100. Viruses with clinical importance for HSCT, including CMV, adenovirus and EBV, were confirmed and characterized at the molecular level, showing generally high cycle threshold values. Our findings demonstrate a rise in anellovirus abundance following allogeneic HSCT, with the highest levels observed at D + 100. Notably, D + 30 was identified as a critical time point for the reactivation of clinically significant viruses. This study underscores the potential of metagenomics in the identification of clinically relevant viruses and highlights the importance of monitoring latent viruses in immunocompromised populations, including allogeneic HSCT patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12122557","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T03:52:49Z","timestamp":1733975569000},"page":"2557","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Viral Metagenomics in Patients Who Underwent Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT): A Brazilian Experience"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5181-415X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel Montenegro","family":"de Campos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood Center of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 05508-220, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thalita Cristina","family":"de Mello Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology and Oncology, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta Maraninchi","family":"Silveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood Center of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 05508-220, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6614-2755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ian Nunes","family":"Valen\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood Center of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 05508-220, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael dos Santos","family":"Bezerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood Center of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 05508-220, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6007-8908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luiz Guilherme","family":"Darrigo Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Carolina de Jesus","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology and Oncology, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila Campos","family":"Mesquita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology and Oncology, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia da Silva","family":"Laurindo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology and Oncology, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3936-0129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renato Guerino","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular Thearpy Program, Oncolc\u00ednicas, S\u00e3o Paulo 13571-410, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Kashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood Center of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 05508-220, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimas Tadeu","family":"Covas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology and Oncology, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Belinda Pinto","family":"Sim\u00f5es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology and Oncology, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra Coccuzzo","family":"Sampaio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Viral Surveillance and Serological Evaluation (CeVIVAs), Butantan Institute, S\u00e3o Paulo 05585-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0501-8280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Carolina","family":"Elias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Viral Surveillance and Serological Evaluation (CeVIVAs), Butantan Institute, S\u00e3o Paulo 05585-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5849-7326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Giovanetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Development and One Health, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Rene Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte 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Viruses, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/v16081294"}],"container-title":["Microorganisms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/12\/12\/2557\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:53:08Z","timestamp":1760115188000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/12\/12\/2557"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["microorganisms12122557"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms12122557","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2607"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2607","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]]}}}