{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T09:15:10Z","timestamp":1784711710984,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004488","name":"Croatian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIP-2019-04-7194"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIP-2019-04-7194"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004488","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In sepsis, a balanced pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory response results in the bacterial clearance and resolution of inflammation, promoting clinical recovery and survival. Semaphorins, a large family of secreted and membrane-bound glycoproteins, are newly recognized biomarkers and therapeutic targets in immunological and neoplastic disorders. Although semaphorins might also be a crucial part of host defense responses to infection, their role in sepsis is yet to be determined. This study aimed to analyze the association of serum semaphorin concentrations with sepsis severity and outcomes. Serum semaphorin concentrations (SEMA3A, SEMA3C, SEMA3F, SEMA4D, and SEMA7A) were measured in 115 adult patients with community-acquired sepsis and 50 healthy controls. While SEMA3A was decreased, SEMA3C, SEMA3F, SEMA4D, and SEMA7A were increased in sepsis patients. All analyzed SEMA showed good accuracy in identifying patients with sepsis. SEMA kinetics were related to sepsis complications; SEMA3A, SEMA3C, SEMA3F, and SEMA4D with respiratory failure; SEMA3C and SEMA7A with acute kidney injury; and SEMA3C and SEMA3F were related to septic shock. Importantly, SEMA3A, SEMA3C, SEMA4D, and SEMA7A were associated with 28-day mortality. In conclusion, we provide evidence that semaphorins are associated with sepsis course and outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12122563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T08:36:32Z","timestamp":1733992592000},"page":"2563","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Role of Immune Semaphorins in Sepsis\u2014A Prospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Branimir","family":"Gjurasin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Intensive Care, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases \u201cDr. Fran Mihaljevi\u0107\u201d, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lara","family":"Samadan Markovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leona","family":"Radmanic Matotek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Immunological and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases \u201cDr. Fran Mihaljevi\u0107\u201d, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5784-1343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neven","family":"Papic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"},{"name":"Department for Viral Hepatitis, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases \u201cDr. Fran Mihaljevi\u0107\u201d, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","article-title":"The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3)","volume":"315","author":"Singer","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-021-06506-y","article-title":"Surviving sepsis campaign: International guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2021","volume":"47","author":"Evans","year":"2021","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(13)70001-X","article-title":"Immunosuppression in sepsis: A novel understanding of the disorder and a new therapeutic approach","volume":"13","author":"Hotchkiss","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. 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