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Despite advances in the control of human trypanosomiasis, animal diseases caused by several species of trypanosomes remain neglected. The lack of funding for the development of new treatments and vaccines contributes to sustaining the severe economic impacts these diseases have on the farming industry, especially in low-income rural areas. Recent advances in the understanding of the immune processes involved during infection have been essential for the development of new approaches towards disease control including vaccines. These new approaches must be part of integrated control programs, which must also include vector management and the awareness of good veterinary practices. Addressing the challenges posed by the control of animal trypanosomiasis requires collaborative and continuous efforts shared among scientists, governments, and the farming industry, if significant progress is to be made to mitigate the impact of these diseases. In this literature review, we discuss the main challenges for the development of vaccines for animal trypanosomiasis and the research underway, including the prospects for employing new vaccine platforms, such as an mRNA vaccine, vector-based vaccine, and CRISPR-attenuated parasite vaccine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12122575","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T03:51:08Z","timestamp":1734061868000},"page":"2575","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Animal Trypanosomiasis: Challenges and Prospects for New Vaccination Strategies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3914-2634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samille Henriques","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9244-2301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felipe Paladino","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2588-2842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santuza Maria Ribeiro","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"},{"name":"Centro de Tecnologia em Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31310-260, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-012-0134-0","article-title":"Assessment of Impacts of Tsetse and Trypanosomosis Control Measures on Cattle Herd Composition and Performance in Southern Region, Ethiopia","volume":"44","author":"Taye","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trop. 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