{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T03:54:22Z","timestamp":1783569262774,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Biological Breeding-Major Projects","award":["2023ZD0405103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023ZD0405103"]}]},{"name":"Biological Breeding-Major Projects","award":["324RC447"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["324RC447"]}]},{"name":"Biological Breeding-Major Projects","award":["CARS-38"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-38"]}]},{"name":"Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2023ZD0405103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023ZD0405103"]}]},{"name":"Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["324RC447"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["324RC447"]}]},{"name":"Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["CARS-38"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-38"]}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA","award":["2023ZD0405103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023ZD0405103"]}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA","award":["324RC447"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["324RC447"]}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA","award":["CARS-38"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-38"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Pasteurellosis is a global zoonotic bacterial disease, which has caused significant economic impacts in animal husbandry. Nevertheless, there is limited understanding of the immune response between goat peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) and goat-derived Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida). (2) Methods: To investigate the immune response of host PBLs during infection with P. multocida type D, we established an in vitro cell model utilizing isolated primary goat PBLs. Utilizing this in vitro infection model, we employed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to assess the cytokine profile variation in goat PBLs following infection. Meanwhile, RNA sequencing and quantitative PCR (qPCR) methods were employed to analyze the gene expression profile. (3) Results: The ELISA test results indicated that the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, IFN-\u03b3, CXCL10, and IL-17A, were significantly elevated within 12 h after infection with P. multocida. In contrast, the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 were found to be reduced. RNA sequencing and functional enrichment analysis identified 2114 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were primarily associated with cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, viral protein-cytokine interactions, and the IL-17 signaling pathway. Furthermore, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and qPCR highlighted CD86, CCL5, CD8A, CXCL8, CTLA4, TNF, CD274, IL-10, IL-6, CXCL10, IFNG, and IL-17A that were crucial for the response of PBLs to P. multocida infection. (4) Conclusions: This study systematically revealed the characteristics of PBLs in goats following infection with goat-derived P. multocida type D through the analysis of cytokines and gene expression, providing important theoretical insights for a deeper understanding of the defense mechanisms in goats against P. multocida.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12122618","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T03:40:56Z","timestamp":1734493256000},"page":"2618","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Pasteurella multocida Serotype D Infection Induces Activation of the IL-17 Signaling Pathway in Goat Lymphocytes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yujing","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Laboratory of Haikou, College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Laboratory of Haikou, College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hejie","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Laboratory of Haikou, College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taoyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Laboratory of Haikou, College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangying","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Laboratory of Haikou, College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4442-9450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiaoling","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Laboratory of Haikou, College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Laboratory of Haikou, College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Churiga","family":"Man","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Laboratory of Haikou, College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Laboratory of Haikou, College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0435-1954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Si","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Laboratory of Haikou, College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengyang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Laboratory of Haikou, College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00024-13","article-title":"Pasteurella multocida: From zoonosis to cellular microbiology","volume":"26","author":"Wilson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Q., Zhang, Z., Chen, S., Chen, J., Cheng, Y., Liu, A., Li, B., Chen, Z., Zheng, Y., and Ga, M. (2021). Genome-Wide Differential Expression Profiling of Pulmonary circRNAs Associated with Immune Reaction to Pasteurella multocida in Goats. Front. Vet. Sci., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.615405"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng, Z., Wang, X., Zhou, R., Chen, H., Wilson, B.A., and Wu, B. (2019). Pasteurella multocida: Genotypes and Genomics. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. MMBR, 83.","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00014-19"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Almoheer, R., Abd Wahid, M.E., Zakaria, H.A., Jonet, M.A.B., Al-Shaibani, M.M., Al-Gheethi, A., and Addis, S.N.K. (2022). Spatial, Temporal, and Demographic Patterns in the Prevalence of Hemorrhagic Septicemia in 41 Countries in 2005\u20132019: A Systematic Analysis with Special Focus on the Potential Development of a New-Generation Vaccine. Vaccines, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10020315"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.151.14.420","article-title":"Outbreak of Pasteurella multocida septicaemia in neonatal lambs","volume":"151","author":"Watson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"538","article-title":"Prevalence and identification of caprine pasteurellosis in pneumonic goats in Bangladesh","volume":"10","author":"Rahman","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.10.011","article-title":"Biosynthesis and regulation mechanisms of the Pasteurella multocida capsule","volume":"127","author":"Guan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng, Z., Liang, W., Wang, F., Xu, Z., Xie, Z., Lian, Z., Hua, L., Zhou, R., Chen, H., and Wu, B. (2018). Genetic and Phylogenetic Characteristics of Pasteurella multocida Isolates from Different Host Species. Front. Microbiol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01408"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gharib Mombeni, E., Gharibi, D., Ghorbanpoor, M., Jabbari, A.R., and Cid, D. (2021). Toxigenic and non-toxigenic Pasteurella multocida genotypes, based on capsular, LPS, and virulence profile typing, associated with pneumonic pasteurellosis in Iran. Vet. Microbiol., 257.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2021.109077"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13047","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.13047","article-title":"The mRNA and miRNA profiles of goat bronchial epithelial cells stimulated by Pasteurella multocida strains of serotype A and D","volume":"10","author":"An","year":"2022","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fu, Q., Jiang, J., Li, X., Zhai, Z., Wang, X., Li, C., Chen, Q., Man, C., Du, L., and Wang, F. (2023). Activation of MyD88-Dependent TLR Signaling Modulates Immune Response of the Mouse Heart during Pasteurella multocida Infection. Microorganisms, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11020400"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-015-4161-y","article-title":"Is this critically ill patient immunocompromised?","volume":"42","author":"Pickkers","year":"2016","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.30802\/AALAS-CM-20-000002","article-title":"Evaluation of a Pasteurella multocida Respiratory Disease Induction Model for Goats (Capra aegagrus hircus)","volume":"70","author":"Smith","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comp. Med."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199708000-00015","article-title":"Apoptosis in lymphoid and parenchymal cells during sepsis: Findings in normal and T- and B-cell-deficient mice","volume":"25","author":"Hotchkiss","year":"1997","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"155","article-title":"Studies on haemato-biochemical changes in Pasteurella multocida serotype A: 1 infection in mice","volume":"31","author":"Praveena","year":"2007","journal-title":"Indian J. Vet. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2687","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.64.7.2687-2694.1996","article-title":"Pasteurella haemolytica leukotoxin induces bovine leukocytes to undergo morphologic changes consistent with apoptosis in vitro","volume":"64","author":"Stevens","year":"1996","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0105017","article-title":"Leukocyte apoptosis and its significance in sepsis and shock","volume":"78","author":"Wesche","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, W., Jiao, Z., Huang, H., Wu, Y., Wu, H., Liu, Z., Zhang, Z., An, Q., Cheng, Y., and Chen, S. (2022). Effects of Pasteurella multocida on Histopathology, miRNA and mRNA Expression Dynamics in Lung of Goats. Anim. Open Access J., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12121529"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2010.04.012","article-title":"Cytokine profiles, apoptosis and pathology of experimental Pasteurella multocida serotype A1 infection in mice","volume":"89","author":"Praveena","year":"2010","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wei, J., Guo, F., Song, Y., Xu, K., Lin, F., Li, K., Li, B., Qian, Z., Wang, X., and Wang, H. (2023). Transcriptional analysis of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated by Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1255905"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eloiflin, R.J., Auray, G., Python, S., Rodrigues, V., Seveno, M., Urbach, S., El Koulali, K., Holzmuller, P., Totte, P., and Libeau, G. (2021). Identification of Differential Responses of Goat PBMCs to PPRV Virulence Using a Multi-Omics Approach. Front. Immunol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.745315"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hildebrand, D., Heeg, K., and Kubatzky, K.F. (2015). Pasteurella multocida Toxin Manipulates T Cell Differentiation. Front. Microbiol., 6.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01273"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bi, Y., Xu, L., Qiu, L., Wang, S., Liu, X., Zhang, Y., Chen, Y., Zhang, Y., Xu, Q., and Chang, G. (2018). Reticuloendotheliosis Virus Inhibits the Immune Response Acting on Lymphocytes from Peripheral Blood of Chicken. Front. Physiol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00004"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2018.04.030","article-title":"Effects of Pasteurella multocida lipopolysaccharides on bovine leukocytes","volume":"119","author":"Periasamy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.04.012","article-title":"In-vitro phagocytosis and intracellular killing of Pasteurella multocida B:2 by phagocytic cells of buffaloes","volume":"131","author":"Puspitasari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.10.016","article-title":"Autoimmune thyroid disorders","volume":"14","author":"Antonelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp616","article-title":"edgeR: A Bioconductor package for differential expression analysis of digital gene expression data","volume":"26","author":"Robinson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e28751","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28751","article-title":"The roles of critical pro-inflammatory cytokines in the drive of cytokine storm during SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"95","author":"Qudus","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.02.017","article-title":"Protective efficacy afforded by live Pasteurella multocida vaccines in chickens is independent of lipopolysaccharide outer core structure","volume":"34","author":"Harper","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21129","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M009164200","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide is in close proximity to each of the proteins in its membrane receptor complex. transfer from CD14 to TLR4 and MD-2","volume":"276","author":"Soldau","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tanaka, T., Narazaki, M., and Kishimoto, T. (2014). IL-6 in inflammation, immunity, and disease. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol., 6.","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a016295"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Purohit, M., Gupta, G., Afzal, O., Altamimi, A.S.A., Alzarea, S.I., Kazmi, I., Almalki, W.H., Gulati, M., Kaur, I.P., and Singh, S.K. (2023). Janus kinase\/signal transducers and activator of transcription (JAK\/STAT) and its role in Lung inflammatory disease. Chem. -Biol. Interact., 371.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2023.110334"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-7915(00)00083-2","article-title":"Signal transduction by the TCR for antigen","volume":"12","author":"Kane","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4141(199902)29:02<548::AID-IMMU548>3.0.CO;2-Z","article-title":"Induction of interferon-gamma production in Th1 CD4+ T cells: Evidence for two distinct pathways for promoter activation","volume":"29","author":"Yang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alspach, E., Lussier, D.M., and Schreiber, R.D. (2019). Interferon \u03b3 and Its Important Roles in Promoting and Inhibiting Spontaneous and Therapeutic Cancer Immunity. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol., 11.","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a028480"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2023-223850","article-title":"Selectivity, efficacy and safety of JAKinibs: New evidence for a still evolving story","volume":"83","author":"Bonelli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Y., Liu, T., Chen, G., Wang, L., Guo, A., Li, Z., Pan, L., Mao, L., and Luo, X. (2021). Th17 cell differentiation induced by cytopathogenic biotype BVDV-2 in bovine PBLCs. BMC Genom., 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-021-08194-w"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Wang, H., Ren, J., Tang, X., Jing, Y., Xing, D., Zhao, G., Yao, Z., Yang, X., and Bai, H. (2012). IL-17A synergizes with IFN-\u03b3 to upregulate iNOS and NO production and inhibit chlamydial growth. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039214"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meehan, E.V., and Wang, K. (2022). Interleukin-17 Family Cytokines in Metabolic Disorders and Cancer. Genes, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13091643"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2019.111554","article-title":"IL-17A neutralizing antibody attenuates eosinophilic meningitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis by involving IL-17RA\/Traf6\/NF-\u03baB signaling","volume":"384","author":"Feng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12840","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.12840","article-title":"IL-17 stimulates the expression of CCL2 in cardiac myocytes via Act1\/TRAF6\/p38MAPK-dependent AP-1 activation","volume":"91","author":"Du","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scand. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"329","article-title":"Allergic humans are hyporesponsive to a CXCR3 ligand-mediated Th1 immunity-promoting loop","volume":"18","author":"Campbell","year":"2004","journal-title":"FASEB J. Off. Publ. Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"121","article-title":"CXCL10\/IP-10 in infectious diseases pathogenesis and potential therapeutic implications","volume":"22","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032712-100019","article-title":"T cell-mediated host immune defenses in the lung","volume":"31","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1590\/S1679-45082015RB3438","article-title":"Chemokines and immunity","volume":"13","author":"Palomino","year":"2015","journal-title":"Einstein"}],"container-title":["Microorganisms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/12\/12\/2618\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:54:21Z","timestamp":1760115261000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/12\/12\/2618"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["microorganisms12122618"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms12122618","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2607"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2607","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]]}}}